core: build initramfs using generic initramfs rule

This chips away at three different things:
 - it brings us closer to hermetic and cross-platform builds by not
   depending on genrule/shell and lz4-the-tool
 - it generalizes initramfs building (allowing for more than one to be
   built, if necessary)
 - sets the stage to use Bazel transitions [1] to force all included Go
   binaries to be built in pure/static mode while allowing host Go
   binaries to use cgo/dynamic linking if necessary, and hopefully also
   allowing us to get rid of some BUILD patches that set pure='on' in
   go_binary calls (notably needed in Cilium and some existing
   third_party dependencies).

[1] - https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/skylark/config.html#user-defined-transitions

Test Plan: build machinery change, covered by existing tests

X-Origin-Diff: phab/D554
GitOrigin-RevId: a5561eb5ca16e6529b9a4a2b98352f579c424222
diff --git a/core/build/BUILD b/core/build/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/build/BUILD
diff --git a/core/build/def.bzl b/core/build/def.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69994fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/build/def.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#  Copyright 2020 The Monogon Project Authors.
+#
+#  SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+def _smalltown_initramfs_impl(ctx):
+    """
+    Generate an lz4-compressed initramfs based on a label/file list.
+    """
+
+    # Generate config file for gen_init_cpio that describes the initramfs to build.
+    cpio_list_name = ctx.label.name + ".cpio_list"
+    cpio_list = ctx.actions.declare_file(cpio_list_name)
+
+    # Start out with some standard initramfs device files.
+    cpio_list_content = [
+        "dir /dev 0755 0 0",
+        "nod /dev/console 0600 0 0 c 5 1",
+        "nod /dev/null 0644 0 0 c 1 3",
+        "nod /dev/kmsg 0644 0 0 c 1 11",
+        "nod /dev/ptmx 0644 0 0 c 5 2",
+    ]
+
+    # Find all directories that need to be created.
+    directories_needed = []
+    for _, p in ctx.attr.files.items():
+        if not p.startswith("/"):
+            fail("file {} invalid: must begin with /".format(p))
+
+        # Get all intermediate directories on path to file
+        parts = p.split("/")[1:-1]
+        directories_needed.append(parts)
+
+    # Extend with extra directories defined by user.
+    for p in ctx.attr.extra_dirs:
+        if not p.startswith("/"):
+            fail("directory {} invalid: must begin with /".format(p))
+
+        parts = p.split("/")[1:]
+        directories_needed.append(parts)
+
+    directories = []
+    for parts in directories_needed:
+        # Turn directory parts [usr, local, bin] into successive subpaths [/usr, /usr/local, /usr/local/bin].
+        last = ""
+        for part in parts:
+            last += "/" + part
+
+            # TODO(q3k): this is slow - this should be a set instead, but starlark doesn't implement them.
+            # For the amount of files we're dealing with this doesn't matter, but all stars are pointing towards this
+            # becoming accidentally quadratic at some point in the future.
+            if last not in directories:
+                directories.append(last)
+
+    # Append instructions to create directories.
+    # Serendipitously, the directories should already be in the right order due to us not using a set to create the
+    # list. They might not be in an elegant order (ie, if files [/foo/one/one, /bar, /foo/two/two] are request, the
+    # order will be [/foo, /foo/one, /bar, /foo/two]), but that's fine.
+    for d in directories:
+        cpio_list_content.append("dir {} 0755 0 0".format(d))
+
+    # Append instructions to add files.
+    inputs = []
+    for label, p in ctx.attr.files.items():
+        # Figure out if this is an executable.
+        is_executable = True
+
+        di = label[DefaultInfo]
+        if di.files_to_run.executable == None:
+            # Generated non-executable files will have DefaultInfo.files_to_run.executable == None
+            is_executable = False
+        elif di.files_to_run.executable.is_source:
+            # Source files will have executable.is_source == True
+            is_executable = False
+
+        # Ensure only single output is declared.
+        # If you hit this error, figure out a better logic to find what file you need, maybe looking at providers other
+        # than DefaultInfo.
+        files = di.files.to_list()
+        if len(files) > 1:
+            fail("file {} has more than one output: {}", p, files)
+        src = files[0]
+        inputs.append(src)
+
+        mode = "0755" if is_executable else "0444"
+
+        cpio_list_content.append("file {} {} {} 0 0".format(p, src.path, mode))
+
+    # Write cpio_list.
+    ctx.actions.write(cpio_list, "\n".join(cpio_list_content))
+
+    gen_init_cpio = ctx.executable._gen_init_cpio
+    savestdout = ctx.executable._savestdout
+    lz4 = ctx.executable._lz4
+
+    # Generate 'raw' (uncompressed) initramfs
+    initramfs_raw_name = ctx.label.name
+    initramfs_raw = ctx.actions.declare_file(initramfs_raw_name)
+    ctx.actions.run(
+        outputs = [initramfs_raw],
+        inputs = [cpio_list] + inputs,
+        tools = [savestdout, gen_init_cpio],
+        executable = savestdout,
+        arguments = [initramfs_raw.path, gen_init_cpio.path, cpio_list.path],
+    )
+
+    # Compress raw initramfs using lz4c.
+    initramfs_name = ctx.label.name + ".lz4"
+    initramfs = ctx.actions.declare_file(initramfs_name)
+    ctx.actions.run(
+        outputs = [initramfs],
+        inputs = [initramfs_raw],
+        tools = [savestdout, lz4],
+        executable = lz4.path,
+        arguments = ["-l", initramfs_raw.path, initramfs.path],
+    )
+
+    return [DefaultInfo(files = depset([initramfs]))]
+
+smalltown_initramfs = rule(
+    implementation = _smalltown_initramfs_impl,
+    doc = """
+        Build a Smalltown initramfs. The initramfs will contain a basic /dev directory and all the files specified by the
+        `files` attribute. Executable files will have their permissions set to 0755, non-executable files will have
+        their permissions set to 0444. All parent directories will be created with 0755 permissions.
+    """,
+    attrs = {
+        "files": attr.label_keyed_string_dict(
+            mandatory = True,
+            allow_files = True,
+            doc = """
+                Dictionary of Labels to String, placing a given Label's output file in the initramfs at the location
+                specified by the String value. The specified labels must only have a single output.
+            """,
+        ),
+        "extra_dirs": attr.string_list(
+            default = [],
+            doc = """
+                Extra directories to create. These will be created in addition to all the directories required to
+                contain the files specified in the `files` attribute.
+            """,
+        ),
+
+        # Tools, implicit dependencies.
+        "_gen_init_cpio": attr.label(
+            default = Label("@linux//:gen_init_cpio"),
+            executable = True,
+            cfg = "host",
+        ),
+        "_lz4": attr.label(
+            default = Label("@com_github_lz4_lz4//programs:lz4"),
+            executable = True,
+            cfg = "host",
+        ),
+        "_savestdout": attr.label(
+            default = Label("//build/savestdout"),
+            executable = True,
+            cfg = "host",
+        ),
+    },
+)