From be2cc81e58d33e09aef534d517c5dda0d7f12272 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serge Bazanski <serge@monogon.tech>
Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2024 12:49:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] swtpm_setup: replace dep on JSON-GLib with
 sheredom/json.h

Turns out swtpm_setup requests capability info from `swtpm` by shelling
out to it then parsing JSON output.

Pulling in JSON-Glib as a library sounds like pain. Let's just use a
simple single-file JSON parser library.

There will be no comment on using JSON for this from me.
---
 include/json.h                | 3462 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/swtpm_setup/swtpm_setup.c |  150 +-
 2 files changed, 3554 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/json.h

diff --git a/include/json.h b/include/json.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7116d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/json.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3462 @@
+/*
+   The latest version of this library is available on GitHub;
+   https://github.com/sheredom/json.h.
+*/
+
+/*
+   This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+   Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+   distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+   binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+   means.
+
+   In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+   of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+   software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+   of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+   successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+   relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+   software under copyright law.
+
+   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+   IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+   OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+   ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+   OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+   For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>.
+*/
+
+#ifndef SHEREDOM_JSON_H_INCLUDED
+#define SHEREDOM_JSON_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+
+/* disable warning: no function prototype given: converting '()' to '(void)' */
+#pragma warning(disable : 4255)
+
+/* disable warning: '__cplusplus' is not defined as a preprocessor macro,
+ * replacing with '0' for '#if/#elif' */
+#pragma warning(disable : 4668)
+
+/* disable warning: 'bytes padding added after construct' */
+#pragma warning(disable : 4820)
+#endif
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#if defined(__TINYC__)
+#define JSON_ATTRIBUTE(a) __attribute((a))
+#else
+#define JSON_ATTRIBUTE(a) __attribute__((a))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__WATCOMC__)
+#define json_weak __inline
+#elif defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__TINYC__)
+#define json_weak JSON_ATTRIBUTE(weak)
+#else
+#error Non clang, non gcc, non MSVC, non tcc, non WATCOM compiler found!
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct json_value_s;
+struct json_parse_result_s;
+
+enum json_parse_flags_e {
+  json_parse_flags_default = 0,
+
+  /* allow trailing commas in objects and arrays. For example, both [true,] and
+     {"a" : null,} would be allowed with this option on. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma = 0x1,
+
+  /* allow unquoted keys for objects. For example, {a : null} would be allowed
+     with this option on. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys = 0x2,
+
+  /* allow a global unbracketed object. For example, a : null, b : true, c : {}
+     would be allowed with this option on. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_global_object = 0x4,
+
+  /* allow objects to use '=' instead of ':' between key/value pairs. For
+     example, a = null, b : true would be allowed with this option on. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_equals_in_object = 0x8,
+
+  /* allow that objects don't have to have comma separators between key/value
+     pairs. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_no_commas = 0x10,
+
+  /* allow c-style comments (either variants) to be ignored in the input JSON
+     file. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_c_style_comments = 0x20,
+
+  /* deprecated flag, unused. */
+  json_parse_flags_deprecated = 0x40,
+
+  /* record location information for each value. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_location_information = 0x80,
+
+  /* allow strings to be 'single quoted'. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings = 0x100,
+
+  /* allow numbers to be hexadecimal. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers = 0x200,
+
+  /* allow numbers like +123 to be parsed. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_leading_plus_sign = 0x400,
+
+  /* allow numbers like .0123 or 123. to be parsed. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point = 0x800,
+
+  /* allow Infinity, -Infinity, NaN, -NaN. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan = 0x1000,
+
+  /* allow multi line string values. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_multi_line_strings = 0x2000,
+
+  /* allow simplified JSON to be parsed. Simplified JSON is an enabling of a set
+     of other parsing options. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_simplified_json =
+      (json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_global_object |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_equals_in_object |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_no_commas),
+
+  /* allow JSON5 to be parsed. JSON5 is an enabling of a set of other parsing
+     options. */
+  json_parse_flags_allow_json5 =
+      (json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_c_style_comments |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_leading_plus_sign |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan |
+       json_parse_flags_allow_multi_line_strings)
+};
+
+/* Parse a JSON text file, returning a pointer to the root of the JSON
+ * structure. json_parse performs 1 call to malloc for the entire encoding.
+ * Returns 0 if an error occurred (malformed JSON input, or malloc failed). */
+json_weak struct json_value_s *json_parse(const void *src, size_t src_size);
+
+/* Parse a JSON text file, returning a pointer to the root of the JSON
+ * structure. json_parse performs 1 call to alloc_func_ptr for the entire
+ * encoding. Returns 0 if an error occurred (malformed JSON input, or malloc
+ * failed). If an error occurred, the result struct (if not NULL) will explain
+ * the type of error, and the location in the input it occurred. If
+ * alloc_func_ptr is null then malloc is used. */
+json_weak struct json_value_s *
+json_parse_ex(const void *src, size_t src_size, size_t flags_bitset,
+              void *(*alloc_func_ptr)(void *, size_t), void *user_data,
+              struct json_parse_result_s *result);
+
+/* Extracts a value and all the data that makes it up into a newly created
+ * value. json_extract_value performs 1 call to malloc for the entire encoding.
+ */
+json_weak struct json_value_s *
+json_extract_value(const struct json_value_s *value);
+
+/* Extracts a value and all the data that makes it up into a newly created
+ * value. json_extract_value performs 1 call to alloc_func_ptr for the entire
+ * encoding. If alloc_func_ptr is null then malloc is used. */
+json_weak struct json_value_s *
+json_extract_value_ex(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                      void *(*alloc_func_ptr)(void *, size_t), void *user_data);
+
+/* Write out a minified JSON utf-8 string. This string is an encoding of the
+ * minimal string characters required to still encode the same data.
+ * json_write_minified performs 1 call to malloc for the entire encoding. Return
+ * 0 if an error occurred (malformed JSON input, or malloc failed). The out_size
+ * parameter is optional as the utf-8 string is null terminated. */
+json_weak void *json_write_minified(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                    size_t *out_size);
+
+/* Write out a pretty JSON utf-8 string. This string is encoded such that the
+ * resultant JSON is pretty in that it is easily human readable. The indent and
+ * newline parameters allow a user to specify what kind of indentation and
+ * newline they want (two spaces / three spaces / tabs? \r, \n, \r\n ?). Both
+ * indent and newline can be NULL, indent defaults to two spaces ("  "), and
+ * newline defaults to linux newlines ('\n' as the newline character).
+ * json_write_pretty performs 1 call to malloc for the entire encoding. Return 0
+ * if an error occurred (malformed JSON input, or malloc failed). The out_size
+ * parameter is optional as the utf-8 string is null terminated. */
+json_weak void *json_write_pretty(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                  const char *indent, const char *newline,
+                                  size_t *out_size);
+
+/* Reinterpret a JSON value as a string. Returns null is the value was not a
+ * string. */
+json_weak struct json_string_s *
+json_value_as_string(struct json_value_s *const value);
+
+/* Reinterpret a JSON value as a number. Returns null is the value was not a
+ * number. */
+json_weak struct json_number_s *
+json_value_as_number(struct json_value_s *const value);
+
+/* Reinterpret a JSON value as an object. Returns null is the value was not an
+ * object. */
+json_weak struct json_object_s *
+json_value_as_object(struct json_value_s *const value);
+
+/* Reinterpret a JSON value as an array. Returns null is the value was not an
+ * array. */
+json_weak struct json_array_s *
+json_value_as_array(struct json_value_s *const value);
+
+/* Whether the value is true. */
+json_weak int json_value_is_true(const struct json_value_s *const value);
+
+/* Whether the value is false. */
+json_weak int json_value_is_false(const struct json_value_s *const value);
+
+/* Whether the value is null. */
+json_weak int json_value_is_null(const struct json_value_s *const value);
+
+/* The various types JSON values can be. Used to identify what a value is. */
+typedef enum json_type_e {
+  json_type_string,
+  json_type_number,
+  json_type_object,
+  json_type_array,
+  json_type_true,
+  json_type_false,
+  json_type_null
+
+} json_type_t;
+
+/* A JSON string value. */
+typedef struct json_string_s {
+  /* utf-8 string */
+  const char *string;
+  /* The size (in bytes) of the string */
+  size_t string_size;
+
+} json_string_t;
+
+/* A JSON string value (extended). */
+typedef struct json_string_ex_s {
+  /* The JSON string this extends. */
+  struct json_string_s string;
+
+  /* The character offset for the value in the JSON input. */
+  size_t offset;
+
+  /* The line number for the value in the JSON input. */
+  size_t line_no;
+
+  /* The row number for the value in the JSON input, in bytes. */
+  size_t row_no;
+
+} json_string_ex_t;
+
+/* A JSON number value. */
+typedef struct json_number_s {
+  /* ASCII string containing representation of the number. */
+  const char *number;
+  /* the size (in bytes) of the number. */
+  size_t number_size;
+
+} json_number_t;
+
+/* an element of a JSON object. */
+typedef struct json_object_element_s {
+  /* the name of this element. */
+  struct json_string_s *name;
+  /* the value of this element. */
+  struct json_value_s *value;
+  /* the next object element (can be NULL if the last element in the object). */
+  struct json_object_element_s *next;
+
+} json_object_element_t;
+
+/* a JSON object value. */
+typedef struct json_object_s {
+  /* a linked list of the elements in the object. */
+  struct json_object_element_s *start;
+  /* the number of elements in the object. */
+  size_t length;
+
+} json_object_t;
+
+/* an element of a JSON array. */
+typedef struct json_array_element_s {
+  /* the value of this element. */
+  struct json_value_s *value;
+  /* the next array element (can be NULL if the last element in the array). */
+  struct json_array_element_s *next;
+
+} json_array_element_t;
+
+/* a JSON array value. */
+typedef struct json_array_s {
+  /* a linked list of the elements in the array. */
+  struct json_array_element_s *start;
+  /* the number of elements in the array. */
+  size_t length;
+
+} json_array_t;
+
+/* a JSON value. */
+typedef struct json_value_s {
+  /* a pointer to either a json_string_s, json_number_s, json_object_s, or. */
+  /* json_array_s. Should be cast to the appropriate struct type based on what.
+   */
+  /* the type of this value is. */
+  void *payload;
+  /* must be one of json_type_e. If type is json_type_true, json_type_false, or.
+   */
+  /* json_type_null, payload will be NULL. */
+  size_t type;
+
+} json_value_t;
+
+/* a JSON value (extended). */
+typedef struct json_value_ex_s {
+  /* the JSON value this extends. */
+  struct json_value_s value;
+
+  /* the character offset for the value in the JSON input. */
+  size_t offset;
+
+  /* the line number for the value in the JSON input. */
+  size_t line_no;
+
+  /* the row number for the value in the JSON input, in bytes. */
+  size_t row_no;
+
+} json_value_ex_t;
+
+/* a parsing error code. */
+enum json_parse_error_e {
+  /* no error occurred (huzzah!). */
+  json_parse_error_none = 0,
+
+  /* expected either a comma or a closing '}' or ']' to close an object or. */
+  /* array! */
+  json_parse_error_expected_comma_or_closing_bracket,
+
+  /* colon separating name/value pair was missing! */
+  json_parse_error_expected_colon,
+
+  /* expected string to begin with '"'! */
+  json_parse_error_expected_opening_quote,
+
+  /* invalid escaped sequence in string! */
+  json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence,
+
+  /* invalid number format! */
+  json_parse_error_invalid_number_format,
+
+  /* invalid value! */
+  json_parse_error_invalid_value,
+
+  /* reached end of buffer before object/array was complete! */
+  json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer,
+
+  /* string was malformed! */
+  json_parse_error_invalid_string,
+
+  /* a call to malloc, or a user provider allocator, failed. */
+  json_parse_error_allocator_failed,
+
+  /* the JSON input had unexpected trailing characters that weren't part of the.
+     JSON value. */
+  json_parse_error_unexpected_trailing_characters,
+
+  /* catch-all error for everything else that exploded (real bad chi!). */
+  json_parse_error_unknown
+};
+
+/* error report from json_parse_ex(). */
+typedef struct json_parse_result_s {
+  /* the error code (one of json_parse_error_e). */
+  size_t error;
+
+  /* the character offset for the error in the JSON input. */
+  size_t error_offset;
+
+  /* the line number for the error in the JSON input. */
+  size_t error_line_no;
+
+  /* the row number for the error, in bytes. */
+  size_t error_row_no;
+
+} json_parse_result_t;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C". */
+#endif
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1920)
+#define json_uintmax_t unsigned __int64
+#else
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#define json_uintmax_t uintmax_t
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define json_strtoumax _strtoui64
+#else
+#define json_strtoumax strtoumax
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
+#define json_null nullptr
+#else
+#define json_null 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+
+/* we do one big allocation via malloc, then cast aligned slices of this for. */
+/* our structures - we don't have a way to tell the compiler we know what we. */
+/* are doing, so disable the warning instead! */
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-align"
+
+/* We use C style casts everywhere. */
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
+
+/* We need long long for strtoull. */
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-long-long"
+
+/* Who cares if nullptr doesn't work with C++98, we don't use it there! */
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat-pedantic"
+
+#if __has_warning("-Wunsafe-buffer-usage")
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage"
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+
+/* disable 'function selected for inline expansion' warning. */
+#pragma warning(disable : 4711)
+
+/* disable '#pragma warning: there is no warning number' warning. */
+#pragma warning(disable : 4619)
+
+/* disable 'warning number not a valid compiler warning' warning. */
+#pragma warning(disable : 4616)
+
+/* disable 'Compiler will insert Spectre mitigation for memory load if
+ * /Qspectre. */
+/* switch specified' warning. */
+#pragma warning(disable : 5045)
+#endif
+
+struct json_parse_state_s {
+  const char *src;
+  size_t size;
+  size_t offset;
+  size_t flags_bitset;
+  char *data;
+  char *dom;
+  size_t dom_size;
+  size_t data_size;
+  size_t line_no;     /* line counter for error reporting. */
+  size_t line_offset; /* (offset-line_offset) is the character number (in
+                         bytes). */
+  size_t error;
+};
+
+json_weak int json_hexadecimal_digit(const char c);
+int json_hexadecimal_digit(const char c) {
+  if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+    return c - '0';
+  }
+  if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
+    return c - 'a' + 10;
+  }
+  if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
+    return c - 'A' + 10;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_hexadecimal_value(const char *c, const unsigned long size,
+                                     unsigned long *result);
+int json_hexadecimal_value(const char *c, const unsigned long size,
+                           unsigned long *result) {
+  const char *p;
+  int digit;
+
+  if (size > sizeof(unsigned long) * 2) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  *result = 0;
+  for (p = c; (unsigned long)(p - c) < size; ++p) {
+    *result <<= 4;
+    digit = json_hexadecimal_digit(*p);
+    if (digit < 0 || digit > 15) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    *result |= (unsigned char)digit;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_skip_whitespace(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
+int json_skip_whitespace(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
+  size_t offset = state->offset;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+
+  if (offset >= state->size) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* the only valid whitespace according to ECMA-404 is ' ', '\n', '\r' and
+   * '\t'. */
+  switch (src[offset]) {
+  default:
+    return 0;
+  case ' ':
+  case '\r':
+  case '\t':
+  case '\n':
+    break;
+  }
+
+  do {
+    switch (src[offset]) {
+    default:
+      /* Update offset. */
+      state->offset = offset;
+      return 1;
+    case ' ':
+    case '\r':
+    case '\t':
+      break;
+    case '\n':
+      state->line_no++;
+      state->line_offset = offset;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    offset++;
+  } while (offset < size);
+
+  /* Update offset. */
+  state->offset = offset;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_skip_c_style_comments(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
+int json_skip_c_style_comments(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
+  /* to have a C-style comment we need at least 2 characters of space */
+  if ((state->offset + 2) > state->size) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* do we have a comment? */
+  if ('/' == state->src[state->offset]) {
+    if ('/' == state->src[state->offset + 1]) {
+      /* we had a comment of the form // */
+
+      /* skip first '/' */
+      state->offset++;
+
+      /* skip second '/' */
+      state->offset++;
+
+      while (state->offset < state->size) {
+        switch (state->src[state->offset]) {
+        default:
+          /* skip the character in the comment */
+          state->offset++;
+          break;
+        case '\n':
+          /* if we have a newline, our comment has ended! Skip the newline */
+          state->offset++;
+
+          /* we entered a newline, so move our line info forward */
+          state->line_no++;
+          state->line_offset = state->offset;
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* we reached the end of the JSON file! */
+      return 1;
+    } else if ('*' == state->src[state->offset + 1]) {
+      /* we had a comment in the C-style long form */
+
+      /* skip '/' */
+      state->offset++;
+
+      /* skip '*' */
+      state->offset++;
+
+      while (state->offset + 1 < state->size) {
+        if (('*' == state->src[state->offset]) &&
+            ('/' == state->src[state->offset + 1])) {
+          /* we reached the end of our comment! */
+          state->offset += 2;
+          return 1;
+        } else if ('\n' == state->src[state->offset]) {
+          /* we entered a newline, so move our line info forward */
+          state->line_no++;
+          state->line_offset = state->offset;
+        }
+
+        /* skip character within comment */
+        state->offset++;
+      }
+
+      /* comment wasn't ended correctly which is a failure */
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* we didn't have any comment, which is ok too! */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_skip_all_skippables(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
+int json_skip_all_skippables(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
+  /* skip all whitespace and other skippables until there are none left. note
+   * that the previous version suffered from read past errors should. the
+   * stream end on json_skip_c_style_comments eg. '{"a" ' with comments flag.
+   */
+
+  int did_consume = 0;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+
+  if (json_parse_flags_allow_c_style_comments & state->flags_bitset) {
+    do {
+      if (state->offset == size) {
+        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      did_consume = json_skip_whitespace(state);
+
+      /* This should really be checked on access, not in front of every call.
+       */
+      if (state->offset >= size) {
+        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      did_consume |= json_skip_c_style_comments(state);
+    } while (0 != did_consume);
+  } else {
+    do {
+      if (state->offset == size) {
+        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      did_consume = json_skip_whitespace(state);
+    } while (0 != did_consume);
+  }
+
+  if (state->offset == size) {
+    state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_get_value_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                  int is_global_object);
+
+json_weak int json_get_string_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                   size_t is_key);
+int json_get_string_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state, size_t is_key) {
+  size_t offset = state->offset;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+  size_t data_size = 0;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  const int is_single_quote = '\'' == src[offset];
+  const char quote_to_use = is_single_quote ? '\'' : '"';
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+  unsigned long codepoint;
+  unsigned long high_surrogate = 0;
+
+  if ((json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) != 0 &&
+      is_key != 0) {
+    state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_string_ex_s);
+  } else {
+    state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
+  }
+
+  if ('"' != src[offset]) {
+    /* if we are allowed single quoted strings check for that too. */
+    if (!((json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings & flags_bitset) &&
+          is_single_quote)) {
+      state->error = json_parse_error_expected_opening_quote;
+      state->offset = offset;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* skip leading '"' or '\''. */
+  offset++;
+
+  while ((offset < size) && (quote_to_use != src[offset])) {
+    /* add space for the character. */
+    data_size++;
+
+    switch (src[offset]) {
+    default:
+      break;
+    case '\0':
+    case '\t':
+      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string;
+      state->offset = offset;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if ('\\' == src[offset]) {
+      /* skip reverse solidus character. */
+      offset++;
+
+      if (offset == size) {
+        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+        state->offset = offset;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      switch (src[offset]) {
+      default:
+        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
+        state->offset = offset;
+        return 1;
+      case '"':
+      case '\\':
+      case '/':
+      case 'b':
+      case 'f':
+      case 'n':
+      case 'r':
+      case 't':
+        /* all valid characters! */
+        offset++;
+        break;
+      case 'u':
+        if (!(offset + 5 < size)) {
+          /* invalid escaped unicode sequence! */
+          state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
+          state->offset = offset;
+          return 1;
+        }
+
+        codepoint = 0;
+        if (!json_hexadecimal_value(&src[offset + 1], 4, &codepoint)) {
+          /* escaped unicode sequences must contain 4 hexadecimal digits! */
+          state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
+          state->offset = offset;
+          return 1;
+        }
+
+        /* Valid sequence!
+         * see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Invalid_code_points.
+         *      1       7       U + 0000        U + 007F        0xxxxxxx.
+         *      2       11      U + 0080        U + 07FF        110xxxxx
+         * 10xxxxxx.
+         *      3       16      U + 0800        U + FFFF        1110xxxx
+         * 10xxxxxx        10xxxxxx.
+         *      4       21      U + 10000       U + 10FFFF      11110xxx
+         * 10xxxxxx        10xxxxxx        10xxxxxx.
+         * Note: the high and low surrogate halves used by UTF-16 (U+D800
+         * through U+DFFF) and code points not encodable by UTF-16 (those after
+         * U+10FFFF) are not legal Unicode values, and their UTF-8 encoding must
+         * be treated as an invalid byte sequence. */
+
+        if (high_surrogate != 0) {
+          /* we previously read the high half of the \uxxxx\uxxxx pair, so now
+           * we expect the low half. */
+          if (codepoint >= 0xdc00 &&
+              codepoint <= 0xdfff) { /* low surrogate range. */
+            data_size += 3;
+            high_surrogate = 0;
+          } else {
+            state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
+            state->offset = offset;
+            return 1;
+          }
+        } else if (codepoint <= 0x7f) {
+          data_size += 0;
+        } else if (codepoint <= 0x7ff) {
+          data_size += 1;
+        } else if (codepoint >= 0xd800 &&
+                   codepoint <= 0xdbff) { /* high surrogate range. */
+          /* The codepoint is the first half of a "utf-16 surrogate pair". so we
+           * need the other half for it to be valid: \uHHHH\uLLLL. */
+          if (offset + 11 > size || '\\' != src[offset + 5] ||
+              'u' != src[offset + 6]) {
+            state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
+            state->offset = offset;
+            return 1;
+          }
+          high_surrogate = codepoint;
+        } else if (codepoint >= 0xd800 &&
+                   codepoint <= 0xdfff) { /* low surrogate range. */
+          /* we did not read the other half before. */
+          state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
+          state->offset = offset;
+          return 1;
+        } else {
+          data_size += 2;
+        }
+        /* escaped codepoints after 0xffff are supported in json through utf-16
+         * surrogate pairs: \uD83D\uDD25 for U+1F525. */
+
+        offset += 5;
+        break;
+      }
+    } else if (('\r' == src[offset]) || ('\n' == src[offset])) {
+      if (!(json_parse_flags_allow_multi_line_strings & flags_bitset)) {
+        /* invalid escaped unicode sequence! */
+        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string_escape_sequence;
+        state->offset = offset;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      offset++;
+    } else {
+      /* skip character (valid part of sequence). */
+      offset++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If the offset is equal to the size, we had a non-terminated string! */
+  if (offset == size) {
+    state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+    state->offset = offset - 1;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  /* skip trailing '"' or '\''. */
+  offset++;
+
+  /* add enough space to store the string. */
+  state->data_size += data_size;
+
+  /* one more byte for null terminator ending the string! */
+  state->data_size++;
+
+  /* update offset. */
+  state->offset = offset;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int is_valid_unquoted_key_char(const char c);
+int is_valid_unquoted_key_char(const char c) {
+  return (('0' <= c && c <= '9') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') ||
+          ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('_' == c));
+}
+
+json_weak int json_get_key_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
+int json_get_key_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+
+  if (json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys & flags_bitset) {
+    size_t offset = state->offset;
+    const size_t size = state->size;
+    const char *const src = state->src;
+    size_t data_size = state->data_size;
+
+    /* if we are allowing unquoted keys, first grok for a quote... */
+    if ('"' == src[offset]) {
+      /* ... if we got a comma, just parse the key as a string as normal. */
+      return json_get_string_size(state, 1);
+    } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings & flags_bitset) &&
+               ('\'' == src[offset])) {
+      /* ... if we got a comma, just parse the key as a string as normal. */
+      return json_get_string_size(state, 1);
+    } else {
+      while ((offset < size) && is_valid_unquoted_key_char(src[offset])) {
+        offset++;
+        data_size++;
+      }
+
+      /* one more byte for null terminator ending the string! */
+      data_size++;
+
+      if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) {
+        state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_string_ex_s);
+      } else {
+        state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
+      }
+
+      /* update offset. */
+      state->offset = offset;
+
+      /* update data_size. */
+      state->data_size = data_size;
+
+      return 0;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* we are only allowed to have quoted keys, so just parse a string! */
+    return json_get_string_size(state, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+json_weak int json_get_object_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                   int is_global_object);
+int json_get_object_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                         int is_global_object) {
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+  size_t elements = 0;
+  int allow_comma = 0;
+  int found_closing_brace = 0;
+
+  if (is_global_object) {
+    /* if we found an opening '{' of an object, we actually have a normal JSON
+     * object at the root of the DOM... */
+    if (!json_skip_all_skippables(state) && '{' == state->src[state->offset]) {
+      /* . and we don't actually have a global object after all! */
+      is_global_object = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!is_global_object) {
+    if ('{' != src[state->offset]) {
+      state->error = json_parse_error_unknown;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* skip leading '{'. */
+    state->offset++;
+  }
+
+  state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_object_s);
+
+  if ((state->offset == size) && !is_global_object) {
+    state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  do {
+    if (!is_global_object) {
+      if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+        state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      if ('}' == src[state->offset]) {
+        /* skip trailing '}'. */
+        state->offset++;
+
+        found_closing_brace = 1;
+
+        /* finished the object! */
+        break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      /* we don't require brackets, so that means the object ends when the input
+       * stream ends! */
+      if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* if we parsed at least one element previously, grok for a comma. */
+    if (allow_comma) {
+      if (',' == src[state->offset]) {
+        /* skip comma. */
+        state->offset++;
+        allow_comma = 0;
+      } else if (json_parse_flags_allow_no_commas & flags_bitset) {
+        /* we don't require a comma, and we didn't find one, which is ok! */
+        allow_comma = 0;
+      } else {
+        /* otherwise we are required to have a comma, and we found none. */
+        state->error = json_parse_error_expected_comma_or_closing_bracket;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      if (json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma & flags_bitset) {
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+          state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (json_get_key_size(state)) {
+      /* key parsing failed! */
+      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_string;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+      state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (json_parse_flags_allow_equals_in_object & flags_bitset) {
+      const char current = src[state->offset];
+      if ((':' != current) && ('=' != current)) {
+        state->error = json_parse_error_expected_colon;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (':' != src[state->offset]) {
+        state->error = json_parse_error_expected_colon;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* skip colon. */
+    state->offset++;
+
+    if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+      state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (json_get_value_size(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0)) {
+      /* value parsing failed! */
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* successfully parsed a name/value pair! */
+    elements++;
+    allow_comma = 1;
+  } while (state->offset < size);
+
+  if ((state->offset == size) && !is_global_object && !found_closing_brace) {
+    state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_object_element_s) * elements;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_get_array_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
+int json_get_array_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+  size_t elements = 0;
+  int allow_comma = 0;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+
+  if ('[' != src[state->offset]) {
+    /* expected array to begin with leading '['. */
+    state->error = json_parse_error_unknown;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  /* skip leading '['. */
+  state->offset++;
+
+  state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_array_s);
+
+  while (state->offset < size) {
+    if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+      state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (']' == src[state->offset]) {
+      /* skip trailing ']'. */
+      state->offset++;
+
+      state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_array_element_s) * elements;
+
+      /* finished the object! */
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* if we parsed at least once element previously, grok for a comma. */
+    if (allow_comma) {
+      if (',' == src[state->offset]) {
+        /* skip comma. */
+        state->offset++;
+        allow_comma = 0;
+      } else if (!(json_parse_flags_allow_no_commas & flags_bitset)) {
+        state->error = json_parse_error_expected_comma_or_closing_bracket;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      if (json_parse_flags_allow_trailing_comma & flags_bitset) {
+        allow_comma = 0;
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+          state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (json_get_value_size(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0)) {
+      /* value parsing failed! */
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* successfully parsed an array element! */
+    elements++;
+    allow_comma = 1;
+  }
+
+  /* we consumed the entire input before finding the closing ']' of the array!
+   */
+  state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_get_number_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state);
+int json_get_number_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state) {
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+  size_t offset = state->offset;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+  int had_leading_digits = 0;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+
+  state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_number_s);
+
+  if ((json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers & flags_bitset) &&
+      (offset + 1 < size) && ('0' == src[offset]) &&
+      (('x' == src[offset + 1]) || ('X' == src[offset + 1]))) {
+    /* skip the leading 0x that identifies a hexadecimal number. */
+    offset += 2;
+
+    /* consume hexadecimal digits. */
+    while ((offset < size) && (('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9') ||
+                               ('a' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= 'f') ||
+                               ('A' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= 'F'))) {
+      offset++;
+    }
+  } else {
+    int found_sign = 0;
+    int inf_or_nan = 0;
+
+    if ((offset < size) &&
+        (('-' == src[offset]) ||
+         ((json_parse_flags_allow_leading_plus_sign & flags_bitset) &&
+          ('+' == src[offset])))) {
+      /* skip valid leading '-' or '+'. */
+      offset++;
+
+      found_sign = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) {
+      const char inf[9] = "Infinity";
+      const size_t inf_strlen = sizeof(inf) - 1;
+      const char nan[4] = "NaN";
+      const size_t nan_strlen = sizeof(nan) - 1;
+
+      if (offset + inf_strlen < size) {
+        int found = 1;
+        size_t i;
+        for (i = 0; i < inf_strlen; i++) {
+          if (inf[i] != src[offset + i]) {
+            found = 0;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {
+          /* We found our special 'Infinity' keyword! */
+          offset += inf_strlen;
+
+          inf_or_nan = 1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (offset + nan_strlen < size) {
+        int found = 1;
+        size_t i;
+        for (i = 0; i < nan_strlen; i++) {
+          if (nan[i] != src[offset + i]) {
+            found = 0;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (found) {
+          /* We found our special 'NaN' keyword! */
+          offset += nan_strlen;
+
+          inf_or_nan = 1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (inf_or_nan) {
+        if (offset < size) {
+          switch (src[offset]) {
+          default:
+            break;
+          case '0':
+          case '1':
+          case '2':
+          case '3':
+          case '4':
+          case '5':
+          case '6':
+          case '7':
+          case '8':
+          case '9':
+          case 'e':
+          case 'E':
+            /* cannot follow an inf or nan with digits! */
+            state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+            state->offset = offset;
+            return 1;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (found_sign && !inf_or_nan && (offset < size) &&
+        !('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
+      /* check if we are allowing leading '.'. */
+      if (!(json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point &
+            flags_bitset) ||
+          ('.' != src[offset])) {
+        /* a leading '-' must be immediately followed by any digit! */
+        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+        state->offset = offset;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((offset < size) && ('0' == src[offset])) {
+      /* skip valid '0'. */
+      offset++;
+
+      /* we need to record whether we had any leading digits for checks later.
+       */
+      had_leading_digits = 1;
+
+      if ((offset < size) && ('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
+        /* a leading '0' must not be immediately followed by any digit! */
+        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+        state->offset = offset;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* the main digits of our number next. */
+    while ((offset < size) && ('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
+      offset++;
+
+      /* we need to record whether we had any leading digits for checks later.
+       */
+      had_leading_digits = 1;
+    }
+
+    if ((offset < size) && ('.' == src[offset])) {
+      offset++;
+
+      if ((offset >= size) || !('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
+        if (!(json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point &
+              flags_bitset) ||
+            !had_leading_digits) {
+          /* a decimal point must be followed by at least one digit. */
+          state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+          state->offset = offset;
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* a decimal point can be followed by more digits of course! */
+      while ((offset < size) && ('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
+        offset++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((offset < size) && ('e' == src[offset] || 'E' == src[offset])) {
+      /* our number has an exponent! Skip 'e' or 'E'. */
+      offset++;
+
+      if ((offset < size) && ('-' == src[offset] || '+' == src[offset])) {
+        /* skip optional '-' or '+'. */
+        offset++;
+      }
+
+      if ((offset < size) && !('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9')) {
+        /* an exponent must have at least one digit! */
+        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+        state->offset = offset;
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      /* consume exponent digits. */
+      do {
+        offset++;
+      } while ((offset < size) && ('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (offset < size) {
+    switch (src[offset]) {
+    case ' ':
+    case '\t':
+    case '\r':
+    case '\n':
+    case '}':
+    case ',':
+    case ']':
+      /* all of the above are ok. */
+      break;
+    case '=':
+      if (json_parse_flags_allow_equals_in_object & flags_bitset) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+      state->offset = offset;
+      return 1;
+    default:
+      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+      state->offset = offset;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  state->data_size += offset - state->offset;
+
+  /* one more byte for null terminator ending the number string! */
+  state->data_size++;
+
+  /* update offset. */
+  state->offset = offset;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_get_value_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                  int is_global_object);
+int json_get_value_size(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                        int is_global_object) {
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  size_t offset;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+
+  if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) {
+    state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_value_ex_s);
+  } else {
+    state->dom_size += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
+  }
+
+  if (is_global_object) {
+    return json_get_object_size(state, /* is_global_object = */ 1);
+  } else {
+    if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+      state->error = json_parse_error_premature_end_of_buffer;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* can cache offset now. */
+    offset = state->offset;
+
+    switch (src[offset]) {
+    case '"':
+      return json_get_string_size(state, 0);
+    case '\'':
+      if (json_parse_flags_allow_single_quoted_strings & flags_bitset) {
+        return json_get_string_size(state, 0);
+      } else {
+        /* invalid value! */
+        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_value;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    case '{':
+      return json_get_object_size(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0);
+    case '[':
+      return json_get_array_size(state);
+    case '-':
+    case '0':
+    case '1':
+    case '2':
+    case '3':
+    case '4':
+    case '5':
+    case '6':
+    case '7':
+    case '8':
+    case '9':
+      return json_get_number_size(state);
+    case '+':
+      if (json_parse_flags_allow_leading_plus_sign & flags_bitset) {
+        return json_get_number_size(state);
+      } else {
+        /* invalid value! */
+        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    case '.':
+      if (json_parse_flags_allow_leading_or_trailing_decimal_point &
+          flags_bitset) {
+        return json_get_number_size(state);
+      } else {
+        /* invalid value! */
+        state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_number_format;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    default:
+      if ((offset + 4) <= size && 't' == src[offset + 0] &&
+          'r' == src[offset + 1] && 'u' == src[offset + 2] &&
+          'e' == src[offset + 3]) {
+        state->offset += 4;
+        return 0;
+      } else if ((offset + 5) <= size && 'f' == src[offset + 0] &&
+                 'a' == src[offset + 1] && 'l' == src[offset + 2] &&
+                 's' == src[offset + 3] && 'e' == src[offset + 4]) {
+        state->offset += 5;
+        return 0;
+      } else if ((offset + 4) <= size && 'n' == state->src[offset + 0] &&
+                 'u' == state->src[offset + 1] &&
+                 'l' == state->src[offset + 2] &&
+                 'l' == state->src[offset + 3]) {
+        state->offset += 4;
+        return 0;
+      } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) &&
+                 (offset + 3) <= size && 'N' == src[offset + 0] &&
+                 'a' == src[offset + 1] && 'N' == src[offset + 2]) {
+        return json_get_number_size(state);
+      } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) &&
+                 (offset + 8) <= size && 'I' == src[offset + 0] &&
+                 'n' == src[offset + 1] && 'f' == src[offset + 2] &&
+                 'i' == src[offset + 3] && 'n' == src[offset + 4] &&
+                 'i' == src[offset + 5] && 't' == src[offset + 6] &&
+                 'y' == src[offset + 7]) {
+        return json_get_number_size(state);
+      }
+
+      /* invalid value! */
+      state->error = json_parse_error_invalid_value;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+json_weak void json_parse_value(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                int is_global_object,
+                                struct json_value_s *value);
+
+json_weak void json_parse_string(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                 struct json_string_s *string);
+void json_parse_string(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                       struct json_string_s *string) {
+  size_t offset = state->offset;
+  size_t bytes_written = 0;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  const char quote_to_use = '\'' == src[offset] ? '\'' : '"';
+  char *data = state->data;
+  unsigned long high_surrogate = 0;
+  unsigned long codepoint;
+
+  string->string = data;
+
+  /* skip leading '"' or '\''. */
+  offset++;
+
+  while (quote_to_use != src[offset]) {
+    if ('\\' == src[offset]) {
+      /* skip the reverse solidus. */
+      offset++;
+
+      switch (src[offset++]) {
+      default:
+        return; /* we cannot ever reach here. */
+      case 'u': {
+        codepoint = 0;
+        if (!json_hexadecimal_value(&src[offset], 4, &codepoint)) {
+          return; /* this shouldn't happen as the value was already validated.
+                   */
+        }
+
+        offset += 4;
+
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7fu) {
+          data[bytes_written++] = (char)codepoint; /* 0xxxxxxx. */
+        } else if (codepoint <= 0x7ffu) {
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0xc0u | (codepoint >> 6)); /* 110xxxxx. */
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0x80u | (codepoint & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
+        } else if (codepoint >= 0xd800 &&
+                   codepoint <= 0xdbff) { /* high surrogate. */
+          high_surrogate = codepoint;
+          continue; /* we need the low half to form a complete codepoint. */
+        } else if (codepoint >= 0xdc00 &&
+                   codepoint <= 0xdfff) { /* low surrogate. */
+          /* combine with the previously read half to obtain the complete
+           * codepoint. */
+          const unsigned long surrogate_offset =
+              0x10000u - (0xD800u << 10) - 0xDC00u;
+          codepoint = (high_surrogate << 10) + codepoint + surrogate_offset;
+          high_surrogate = 0;
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0xF0u | (codepoint >> 18)); /* 11110xxx. */
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0x80u | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0x80u | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0x80u | (codepoint & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
+        } else {
+          /* we assume the value was validated and thus is within the valid
+           * range. */
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0xe0u | (codepoint >> 12)); /* 1110xxxx. */
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0x80u | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
+          data[bytes_written++] =
+              (char)(0x80u | (codepoint & 0x3fu)); /* 10xxxxxx. */
+        }
+      } break;
+      case '"':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '"';
+        break;
+      case '\\':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '\\';
+        break;
+      case '/':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '/';
+        break;
+      case 'b':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '\b';
+        break;
+      case 'f':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '\f';
+        break;
+      case 'n':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '\n';
+        break;
+      case 'r':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '\r';
+        break;
+      case 't':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '\t';
+        break;
+      case '\r':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '\r';
+
+        /* check if we have a "\r\n" sequence. */
+        if ('\n' == src[offset]) {
+          data[bytes_written++] = '\n';
+          offset++;
+        }
+
+        break;
+      case '\n':
+        data[bytes_written++] = '\n';
+        break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      /* copy the character. */
+      data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* skip trailing '"' or '\''. */
+  offset++;
+
+  /* record the size of the string. */
+  string->string_size = bytes_written;
+
+  /* add null terminator to string. */
+  data[bytes_written++] = '\0';
+
+  /* move data along. */
+  state->data += bytes_written;
+
+  /* update offset. */
+  state->offset = offset;
+}
+
+json_weak void json_parse_key(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                              struct json_string_s *string);
+void json_parse_key(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                    struct json_string_s *string) {
+  if (json_parse_flags_allow_unquoted_keys & state->flags_bitset) {
+    const char *const src = state->src;
+    char *const data = state->data;
+    size_t offset = state->offset;
+
+    /* if we are allowing unquoted keys, check for quoted anyway... */
+    if (('"' == src[offset]) || ('\'' == src[offset])) {
+      /* ... if we got a quote, just parse the key as a string as normal. */
+      json_parse_string(state, string);
+    } else {
+      size_t size = 0;
+
+      string->string = state->data;
+
+      while (is_valid_unquoted_key_char(src[offset])) {
+        data[size++] = src[offset++];
+      }
+
+      /* add null terminator to string. */
+      data[size] = '\0';
+
+      /* record the size of the string. */
+      string->string_size = size++;
+
+      /* move data along. */
+      state->data += size;
+
+      /* update offset. */
+      state->offset = offset;
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* we are only allowed to have quoted keys, so just parse a string! */
+    json_parse_string(state, string);
+  }
+}
+
+json_weak void json_parse_object(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                 int is_global_object,
+                                 struct json_object_s *object);
+void json_parse_object(struct json_parse_state_s *state, int is_global_object,
+                       struct json_object_s *object) {
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  size_t elements = 0;
+  int allow_comma = 0;
+  struct json_object_element_s *previous = json_null;
+
+  if (is_global_object) {
+    /* if we skipped some whitespace, and then found an opening '{' of an. */
+    /* object, we actually have a normal JSON object at the root of the DOM...
+     */
+    if ('{' == src[state->offset]) {
+      /* . and we don't actually have a global object after all! */
+      is_global_object = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!is_global_object) {
+    /* skip leading '{'. */
+    state->offset++;
+  }
+
+  (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);
+
+  /* reset elements. */
+  elements = 0;
+
+  while (state->offset < size) {
+    struct json_object_element_s *element = json_null;
+    struct json_string_s *string = json_null;
+    struct json_value_s *value = json_null;
+
+    if (!is_global_object) {
+      (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);
+
+      if ('}' == src[state->offset]) {
+        /* skip trailing '}'. */
+        state->offset++;
+
+        /* finished the object! */
+        break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (json_skip_all_skippables(state)) {
+        /* global object ends when the file ends! */
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* if we parsed at least one element previously, grok for a comma. */
+    if (allow_comma) {
+      if (',' == src[state->offset]) {
+        /* skip comma. */
+        state->offset++;
+        allow_comma = 0;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    element = (struct json_object_element_s *)state->dom;
+
+    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_element_s);
+
+    if (json_null == previous) {
+      /* this is our first element, so record it in our object. */
+      object->start = element;
+    } else {
+      previous->next = element;
+    }
+
+    previous = element;
+
+    if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) {
+      struct json_string_ex_s *string_ex =
+          (struct json_string_ex_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_ex_s);
+
+      string_ex->offset = state->offset;
+      string_ex->line_no = state->line_no;
+      string_ex->row_no = state->offset - state->line_offset;
+
+      string = &(string_ex->string);
+    } else {
+      string = (struct json_string_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
+    }
+
+    element->name = string;
+
+    (void)json_parse_key(state, string);
+
+    (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);
+
+    /* skip colon or equals. */
+    state->offset++;
+
+    (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);
+
+    if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & flags_bitset) {
+      struct json_value_ex_s *value_ex = (struct json_value_ex_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_ex_s);
+
+      value_ex->offset = state->offset;
+      value_ex->line_no = state->line_no;
+      value_ex->row_no = state->offset - state->line_offset;
+
+      value = &(value_ex->value);
+    } else {
+      value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
+    }
+
+    element->value = value;
+
+    json_parse_value(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0, value);
+
+    /* successfully parsed a name/value pair! */
+    elements++;
+    allow_comma = 1;
+  }
+
+  /* if we had at least one element, end the linked list. */
+  if (previous) {
+    previous->next = json_null;
+  }
+
+  if (0 == elements) {
+    object->start = json_null;
+  }
+
+  object->length = elements;
+}
+
+json_weak void json_parse_array(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                struct json_array_s *array);
+void json_parse_array(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                      struct json_array_s *array) {
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+  size_t elements = 0;
+  int allow_comma = 0;
+  struct json_array_element_s *previous = json_null;
+
+  /* skip leading '['. */
+  state->offset++;
+
+  (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);
+
+  /* reset elements. */
+  elements = 0;
+
+  do {
+    struct json_array_element_s *element = json_null;
+    struct json_value_s *value = json_null;
+
+    (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);
+
+    if (']' == src[state->offset]) {
+      /* skip trailing ']'. */
+      state->offset++;
+
+      /* finished the array! */
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* if we parsed at least one element previously, grok for a comma. */
+    if (allow_comma) {
+      if (',' == src[state->offset]) {
+        /* skip comma. */
+        state->offset++;
+        allow_comma = 0;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    element = (struct json_array_element_s *)state->dom;
+
+    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_array_element_s);
+
+    if (json_null == previous) {
+      /* this is our first element, so record it in our array. */
+      array->start = element;
+    } else {
+      previous->next = element;
+    }
+
+    previous = element;
+
+    if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & state->flags_bitset) {
+      struct json_value_ex_s *value_ex = (struct json_value_ex_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_ex_s);
+
+      value_ex->offset = state->offset;
+      value_ex->line_no = state->line_no;
+      value_ex->row_no = state->offset - state->line_offset;
+
+      value = &(value_ex->value);
+    } else {
+      value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
+    }
+
+    element->value = value;
+
+    json_parse_value(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0, value);
+
+    /* successfully parsed an array element! */
+    elements++;
+    allow_comma = 1;
+  } while (state->offset < size);
+
+  /* end the linked list. */
+  if (previous) {
+    previous->next = json_null;
+  }
+
+  if (0 == elements) {
+    array->start = json_null;
+  }
+
+  array->length = elements;
+}
+
+json_weak void json_parse_number(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                 struct json_number_s *number);
+void json_parse_number(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                       struct json_number_s *number) {
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+  size_t offset = state->offset;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+  size_t bytes_written = 0;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  char *data = state->data;
+
+  number->number = data;
+
+  if (json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers & flags_bitset) {
+    if (('0' == src[offset]) &&
+        (('x' == src[offset + 1]) || ('X' == src[offset + 1]))) {
+      /* consume hexadecimal digits. */
+      while ((offset < size) &&
+             (('0' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= '9') ||
+              ('a' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= 'f') ||
+              ('A' <= src[offset] && src[offset] <= 'F') ||
+              ('x' == src[offset]) || ('X' == src[offset]))) {
+        data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  while (offset < size) {
+    int end = 0;
+
+    switch (src[offset]) {
+    case '0':
+    case '1':
+    case '2':
+    case '3':
+    case '4':
+    case '5':
+    case '6':
+    case '7':
+    case '8':
+    case '9':
+    case '.':
+    case 'e':
+    case 'E':
+    case '+':
+    case '-':
+      data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
+      break;
+    default:
+      end = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (0 != end) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) {
+    const size_t inf_strlen = 8; /* = strlen("Infinity");. */
+    const size_t nan_strlen = 3; /* = strlen("NaN");. */
+
+    if (offset + inf_strlen < size) {
+      if ('I' == src[offset]) {
+        size_t i;
+        /* We found our special 'Infinity' keyword! */
+        for (i = 0; i < inf_strlen; i++) {
+          data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (offset + nan_strlen < size) {
+      if ('N' == src[offset]) {
+        size_t i;
+        /* We found our special 'NaN' keyword! */
+        for (i = 0; i < nan_strlen; i++) {
+          data[bytes_written++] = src[offset++];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* record the size of the number. */
+  number->number_size = bytes_written;
+  /* add null terminator to number string. */
+  data[bytes_written++] = '\0';
+  /* move data along. */
+  state->data += bytes_written;
+  /* update offset. */
+  state->offset = offset;
+}
+
+json_weak void json_parse_value(struct json_parse_state_s *state,
+                                int is_global_object,
+                                struct json_value_s *value);
+void json_parse_value(struct json_parse_state_s *state, int is_global_object,
+                      struct json_value_s *value) {
+  const size_t flags_bitset = state->flags_bitset;
+  const char *const src = state->src;
+  const size_t size = state->size;
+  size_t offset;
+
+  (void)json_skip_all_skippables(state);
+
+  /* cache offset now. */
+  offset = state->offset;
+
+  if (is_global_object) {
+    value->type = json_type_object;
+    value->payload = state->dom;
+    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_s);
+    json_parse_object(state, /* is_global_object = */ 1,
+                      (struct json_object_s *)value->payload);
+  } else {
+    switch (src[offset]) {
+    case '"':
+    case '\'':
+      value->type = json_type_string;
+      value->payload = state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
+      json_parse_string(state, (struct json_string_s *)value->payload);
+      break;
+    case '{':
+      value->type = json_type_object;
+      value->payload = state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_s);
+      json_parse_object(state, /* is_global_object = */ 0,
+                        (struct json_object_s *)value->payload);
+      break;
+    case '[':
+      value->type = json_type_array;
+      value->payload = state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_array_s);
+      json_parse_array(state, (struct json_array_s *)value->payload);
+      break;
+    case '-':
+    case '+':
+    case '0':
+    case '1':
+    case '2':
+    case '3':
+    case '4':
+    case '5':
+    case '6':
+    case '7':
+    case '8':
+    case '9':
+    case '.':
+      value->type = json_type_number;
+      value->payload = state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_number_s);
+      json_parse_number(state, (struct json_number_s *)value->payload);
+      break;
+    default:
+      if ((offset + 4) <= size && 't' == src[offset + 0] &&
+          'r' == src[offset + 1] && 'u' == src[offset + 2] &&
+          'e' == src[offset + 3]) {
+        value->type = json_type_true;
+        value->payload = json_null;
+        state->offset += 4;
+      } else if ((offset + 5) <= size && 'f' == src[offset + 0] &&
+                 'a' == src[offset + 1] && 'l' == src[offset + 2] &&
+                 's' == src[offset + 3] && 'e' == src[offset + 4]) {
+        value->type = json_type_false;
+        value->payload = json_null;
+        state->offset += 5;
+      } else if ((offset + 4) <= size && 'n' == src[offset + 0] &&
+                 'u' == src[offset + 1] && 'l' == src[offset + 2] &&
+                 'l' == src[offset + 3]) {
+        value->type = json_type_null;
+        value->payload = json_null;
+        state->offset += 4;
+      } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) &&
+                 (offset + 3) <= size && 'N' == src[offset + 0] &&
+                 'a' == src[offset + 1] && 'N' == src[offset + 2]) {
+        value->type = json_type_number;
+        value->payload = state->dom;
+        state->dom += sizeof(struct json_number_s);
+        json_parse_number(state, (struct json_number_s *)value->payload);
+      } else if ((json_parse_flags_allow_inf_and_nan & flags_bitset) &&
+                 (offset + 8) <= size && 'I' == src[offset + 0] &&
+                 'n' == src[offset + 1] && 'f' == src[offset + 2] &&
+                 'i' == src[offset + 3] && 'n' == src[offset + 4] &&
+                 'i' == src[offset + 5] && 't' == src[offset + 6] &&
+                 'y' == src[offset + 7]) {
+        value->type = json_type_number;
+        value->payload = state->dom;
+        state->dom += sizeof(struct json_number_s);
+        json_parse_number(state, (struct json_number_s *)value->payload);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct json_value_s *
+json_parse_ex(const void *src, size_t src_size, size_t flags_bitset,
+              void *(*alloc_func_ptr)(void *user_data, size_t size),
+              void *user_data, struct json_parse_result_s *result) {
+  struct json_parse_state_s state;
+  void *allocation;
+  struct json_value_s *value;
+  size_t total_size;
+  int input_error;
+
+  if (result) {
+    result->error = json_parse_error_none;
+    result->error_offset = 0;
+    result->error_line_no = 0;
+    result->error_row_no = 0;
+  }
+
+  if (json_null == src) {
+    /* invalid src pointer was null! */
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  state.src = (const char *)src;
+  state.size = src_size;
+  state.offset = 0;
+  state.line_no = 1;
+  state.line_offset = 0;
+  state.error = json_parse_error_none;
+  state.dom_size = 0;
+  state.data_size = 0;
+  state.flags_bitset = flags_bitset;
+
+  input_error = json_get_value_size(
+      &state, (int)(json_parse_flags_allow_global_object & state.flags_bitset));
+
+  if (0 == input_error) {
+    json_skip_all_skippables(&state);
+
+    if (state.offset != state.size) {
+      /* our parsing didn't have an error, but there are characters remaining in
+       * the input that weren't part of the JSON! */
+
+      state.error = json_parse_error_unexpected_trailing_characters;
+      input_error = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (input_error) {
+    /* parsing value's size failed (most likely an invalid JSON DOM!). */
+    if (result) {
+      result->error = state.error;
+      result->error_offset = state.offset;
+      result->error_line_no = state.line_no;
+      result->error_row_no = state.offset - state.line_offset;
+    }
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  /* our total allocation is the combination of the dom and data sizes (we. */
+  /* first encode the structure of the JSON, and then the data referenced by. */
+  /* the JSON values). */
+  total_size = state.dom_size + state.data_size;
+
+  if (json_null == alloc_func_ptr) {
+    allocation = malloc(total_size);
+  } else {
+    allocation = alloc_func_ptr(user_data, total_size);
+  }
+
+  if (json_null == allocation) {
+    /* malloc failed! */
+    if (result) {
+      result->error = json_parse_error_allocator_failed;
+      result->error_offset = 0;
+      result->error_line_no = 0;
+      result->error_row_no = 0;
+    }
+
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  /* reset offset so we can reuse it. */
+  state.offset = 0;
+
+  /* reset the line information so we can reuse it. */
+  state.line_no = 1;
+  state.line_offset = 0;
+
+  state.dom = (char *)allocation;
+  state.data = state.dom + state.dom_size;
+
+  if (json_parse_flags_allow_location_information & state.flags_bitset) {
+    struct json_value_ex_s *value_ex = (struct json_value_ex_s *)state.dom;
+    state.dom += sizeof(struct json_value_ex_s);
+
+    value_ex->offset = state.offset;
+    value_ex->line_no = state.line_no;
+    value_ex->row_no = state.offset - state.line_offset;
+
+    value = &(value_ex->value);
+  } else {
+    value = (struct json_value_s *)state.dom;
+    state.dom += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
+  }
+
+  json_parse_value(
+      &state, (int)(json_parse_flags_allow_global_object & state.flags_bitset),
+      value);
+
+  return (struct json_value_s *)allocation;
+}
+
+struct json_value_s *json_parse(const void *src, size_t src_size) {
+  return json_parse_ex(src, src_size, json_parse_flags_default, json_null,
+                       json_null, json_null);
+}
+
+struct json_extract_result_s {
+  size_t dom_size;
+  size_t data_size;
+};
+
+struct json_value_s *json_extract_value(const struct json_value_s *value) {
+  return json_extract_value_ex(value, json_null, json_null);
+}
+
+json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_number_size(const struct json_number_s *const number);
+json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_string_size(const struct json_string_s *const string);
+json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *const object);
+json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *const array);
+json_weak struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *const value);
+
+struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_number_size(const struct json_number_s *const number) {
+  struct json_extract_result_s result;
+  result.dom_size = sizeof(struct json_number_s);
+  result.data_size = number->number_size;
+  return result;
+}
+
+struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_string_size(const struct json_string_s *const string) {
+  struct json_extract_result_s result;
+  result.dom_size = sizeof(struct json_string_s);
+  result.data_size = string->string_size + 1;
+  return result;
+}
+
+struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *const object) {
+  struct json_extract_result_s result;
+  size_t i;
+  const struct json_object_element_s *element = object->start;
+
+  result.dom_size = sizeof(struct json_object_s) +
+                    (sizeof(struct json_object_element_s) * object->length);
+  result.data_size = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < object->length; i++) {
+    const struct json_extract_result_s string_result =
+        json_extract_get_string_size(element->name);
+    const struct json_extract_result_s value_result =
+        json_extract_get_value_size(element->value);
+
+    result.dom_size += string_result.dom_size;
+    result.data_size += string_result.data_size;
+
+    result.dom_size += value_result.dom_size;
+    result.data_size += value_result.data_size;
+
+    element = element->next;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *const array) {
+  struct json_extract_result_s result;
+  size_t i;
+  const struct json_array_element_s *element = array->start;
+
+  result.dom_size = sizeof(struct json_array_s) +
+                    (sizeof(struct json_array_element_s) * array->length);
+  result.data_size = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < array->length; i++) {
+    const struct json_extract_result_s value_result =
+        json_extract_get_value_size(element->value);
+
+    result.dom_size += value_result.dom_size;
+    result.data_size += value_result.data_size;
+
+    element = element->next;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+struct json_extract_result_s
+json_extract_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  struct json_extract_result_s result = {0, 0};
+
+  switch (value->type) {
+  default:
+    break;
+  case json_type_object:
+    result = json_extract_get_object_size(
+        (const struct json_object_s *)value->payload);
+    break;
+  case json_type_array:
+    result = json_extract_get_array_size(
+        (const struct json_array_s *)value->payload);
+    break;
+  case json_type_number:
+    result = json_extract_get_number_size(
+        (const struct json_number_s *)value->payload);
+    break;
+  case json_type_string:
+    result = json_extract_get_string_size(
+        (const struct json_string_s *)value->payload);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  result.dom_size += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+struct json_extract_state_s {
+  char *dom;
+  char *data;
+};
+
+json_weak void json_extract_copy_value(struct json_extract_state_s *const state,
+                                       const struct json_value_s *const value);
+void json_extract_copy_value(struct json_extract_state_s *const state,
+                             const struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  struct json_string_s *string;
+  struct json_number_s *number;
+  struct json_object_s *object;
+  struct json_array_s *array;
+  struct json_value_s *new_value;
+
+  memcpy(state->dom, value, sizeof(struct json_value_s));
+  new_value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
+  state->dom += sizeof(struct json_value_s);
+  new_value->payload = state->dom;
+
+  if (json_type_string == value->type) {
+    memcpy(state->dom, value->payload, sizeof(struct json_string_s));
+    string = (struct json_string_s *)state->dom;
+    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
+
+    memcpy(state->data, string->string, string->string_size + 1);
+    string->string = state->data;
+    state->data += string->string_size + 1;
+  } else if (json_type_number == value->type) {
+    memcpy(state->dom, value->payload, sizeof(struct json_number_s));
+    number = (struct json_number_s *)state->dom;
+    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_number_s);
+
+    memcpy(state->data, number->number, number->number_size);
+    number->number = state->data;
+    state->data += number->number_size;
+  } else if (json_type_object == value->type) {
+    struct json_object_element_s *element;
+    size_t i;
+
+    memcpy(state->dom, value->payload, sizeof(struct json_object_s));
+    object = (struct json_object_s *)state->dom;
+    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_s);
+
+    element = object->start;
+    object->start = (struct json_object_element_s *)state->dom;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < object->length; i++) {
+      struct json_value_s *previous_value;
+      struct json_object_element_s *previous_element;
+
+      memcpy(state->dom, element, sizeof(struct json_object_element_s));
+      element = (struct json_object_element_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_object_element_s);
+
+      string = element->name;
+      memcpy(state->dom, string, sizeof(struct json_string_s));
+      string = (struct json_string_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_string_s);
+      element->name = string;
+
+      memcpy(state->data, string->string, string->string_size + 1);
+      string->string = state->data;
+      state->data += string->string_size + 1;
+
+      previous_value = element->value;
+      element->value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
+      json_extract_copy_value(state, previous_value);
+
+      previous_element = element;
+      element = element->next;
+
+      if (element) {
+        previous_element->next = (struct json_object_element_s *)state->dom;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (json_type_array == value->type) {
+    struct json_array_element_s *element;
+    size_t i;
+
+    memcpy(state->dom, value->payload, sizeof(struct json_array_s));
+    array = (struct json_array_s *)state->dom;
+    state->dom += sizeof(struct json_array_s);
+
+    element = array->start;
+    array->start = (struct json_array_element_s *)state->dom;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < array->length; i++) {
+      struct json_value_s *previous_value;
+      struct json_array_element_s *previous_element;
+
+      memcpy(state->dom, element, sizeof(struct json_array_element_s));
+      element = (struct json_array_element_s *)state->dom;
+      state->dom += sizeof(struct json_array_element_s);
+
+      previous_value = element->value;
+      element->value = (struct json_value_s *)state->dom;
+      json_extract_copy_value(state, previous_value);
+
+      previous_element = element;
+      element = element->next;
+
+      if (element) {
+        previous_element->next = (struct json_array_element_s *)state->dom;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct json_value_s *json_extract_value_ex(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                           void *(*alloc_func_ptr)(void *,
+                                                                   size_t),
+                                           void *user_data) {
+  void *allocation;
+  struct json_extract_result_s result;
+  struct json_extract_state_s state;
+  size_t total_size;
+
+  if (json_null == value) {
+    /* invalid value was null! */
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  result = json_extract_get_value_size(value);
+  total_size = result.dom_size + result.data_size;
+
+  if (json_null == alloc_func_ptr) {
+    allocation = malloc(total_size);
+  } else {
+    allocation = alloc_func_ptr(user_data, total_size);
+  }
+
+  state.dom = (char *)allocation;
+  state.data = state.dom + result.dom_size;
+
+  json_extract_copy_value(&state, value);
+
+  return (struct json_value_s *)allocation;
+}
+
+struct json_string_s *json_value_as_string(struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  if (value->type != json_type_string) {
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  return (struct json_string_s *)value->payload;
+}
+
+struct json_number_s *json_value_as_number(struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  if (value->type != json_type_number) {
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  return (struct json_number_s *)value->payload;
+}
+
+struct json_object_s *json_value_as_object(struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  if (value->type != json_type_object) {
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  return (struct json_object_s *)value->payload;
+}
+
+struct json_array_s *json_value_as_array(struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  if (value->type != json_type_array) {
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  return (struct json_array_s *)value->payload;
+}
+
+int json_value_is_true(const struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  return value->type == json_type_true;
+}
+
+int json_value_is_false(const struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  return value->type == json_type_false;
+}
+
+int json_value_is_null(const struct json_value_s *const value) {
+  return value->type == json_type_null;
+}
+
+json_weak int
+json_write_minified_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                   size_t *size);
+
+json_weak int json_write_get_number_size(const struct json_number_s *number,
+                                         size_t *size);
+int json_write_get_number_size(const struct json_number_s *number,
+                               size_t *size) {
+  json_uintmax_t parsed_number;
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (number->number_size >= 2) {
+    switch (number->number[1]) {
+    default:
+      break;
+    case 'x':
+    case 'X':
+      /* the number is a json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers hexadecimal
+       * so we have to do extra work to convert it to a non-hexadecimal for JSON
+       * output. */
+      parsed_number = json_strtoumax(number->number, json_null, 0);
+
+      i = 0;
+
+      while (0 != parsed_number) {
+        parsed_number /= 10;
+        i++;
+      }
+
+      *size += i;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* check to see if the number has leading/trailing decimal point. */
+  i = 0;
+
+  /* skip any leading '+' or '-'. */
+  if ((i < number->number_size) &&
+      (('+' == number->number[i]) || ('-' == number->number[i]))) {
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  /* check if we have infinity. */
+  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('I' == number->number[i])) {
+    const char *inf = "Infinity";
+    size_t k;
+
+    for (k = i; k < number->number_size; k++) {
+      const char c = *inf++;
+
+      /* Check if we found the Infinity string! */
+      if ('\0' == c) {
+        break;
+      } else if (c != number->number[k]) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ('\0' == *inf) {
+      /* Inf becomes 1.7976931348623158e308 because JSON can't support it. */
+      *size += 22;
+
+      /* if we had a leading '-' we need to record it in the JSON output. */
+      if ('-' == number->number[0]) {
+        *size += 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /* check if we have nan. */
+  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('N' == number->number[i])) {
+    const char *nan = "NaN";
+    size_t k;
+
+    for (k = i; k < number->number_size; k++) {
+      const char c = *nan++;
+
+      /* Check if we found the NaN string! */
+      if ('\0' == c) {
+        break;
+      } else if (c != number->number[k]) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ('\0' == *nan) {
+      /* NaN becomes 1 because JSON can't support it. */
+      *size += 1;
+
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* if we had a leading decimal point. */
+  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('.' == number->number[i])) {
+    /* 1 + because we had a leading decimal point. */
+    *size += 1;
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+
+  for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
+    const char c = number->number[i];
+    if (!('0' <= c && c <= '9')) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* if we had a trailing decimal point. */
+  if ((i + 1 == number->number_size) && ('.' == number->number[i])) {
+    /* 1 + because we had a trailing decimal point. */
+    *size += 1;
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+
+cleanup:
+  *size += number->number_size; /* the actual string of the number. */
+
+  /* if we had a leading '+' we don't record it in the JSON output. */
+  if ('+' == number->number[0]) {
+    *size -= 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_write_get_string_size(const struct json_string_s *string,
+                                         size_t *size);
+int json_write_get_string_size(const struct json_string_s *string,
+                               size_t *size) {
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0; i < string->string_size; i++) {
+    switch (string->string[i]) {
+    case '"':
+    case '\\':
+    case '\b':
+    case '\f':
+    case '\n':
+    case '\r':
+    case '\t':
+      *size += 2;
+      break;
+    default:
+      *size += 1;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *size += 2; /* need to encode the surrounding '"' characters. */
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int
+json_write_minified_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *array,
+                                   size_t *size);
+int json_write_minified_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *array,
+                                       size_t *size) {
+  struct json_array_element_s *element;
+
+  *size += 2; /* '[' and ']'. */
+
+  if (1 < array->length) {
+    *size += array->length - 1; /* ','s seperate each element. */
+  }
+
+  for (element = array->start; json_null != element; element = element->next) {
+    if (json_write_minified_get_value_size(element->value, size)) {
+      /* value was malformed! */
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int
+json_write_minified_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *object,
+                                    size_t *size);
+int json_write_minified_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *object,
+                                        size_t *size) {
+  struct json_object_element_s *element;
+
+  *size += 2; /* '{' and '}'. */
+
+  *size += object->length; /* ':'s seperate each name/value pair. */
+
+  if (1 < object->length) {
+    *size += object->length - 1; /* ','s seperate each element. */
+  }
+
+  for (element = object->start; json_null != element; element = element->next) {
+    if (json_write_get_string_size(element->name, size)) {
+      /* string was malformed! */
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (json_write_minified_get_value_size(element->value, size)) {
+      /* value was malformed! */
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int
+json_write_minified_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                   size_t *size);
+int json_write_minified_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                       size_t *size) {
+  switch (value->type) {
+  default:
+    /* unknown value type found! */
+    return 1;
+  case json_type_number:
+    return json_write_get_number_size((struct json_number_s *)value->payload,
+                                      size);
+  case json_type_string:
+    return json_write_get_string_size((struct json_string_s *)value->payload,
+                                      size);
+  case json_type_array:
+    return json_write_minified_get_array_size(
+        (struct json_array_s *)value->payload, size);
+  case json_type_object:
+    return json_write_minified_get_object_size(
+        (struct json_object_s *)value->payload, size);
+  case json_type_true:
+    *size += 4; /* the string "true". */
+    return 0;
+  case json_type_false:
+    *size += 5; /* the string "false". */
+    return 0;
+  case json_type_null:
+    *size += 4; /* the string "null". */
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+json_weak char *json_write_minified_value(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                          char *data);
+
+json_weak char *json_write_number(const struct json_number_s *number,
+                                  char *data);
+char *json_write_number(const struct json_number_s *number, char *data) {
+  json_uintmax_t parsed_number, backup;
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (number->number_size >= 2) {
+    switch (number->number[1]) {
+    default:
+      break;
+    case 'x':
+    case 'X':
+      /* The number is a json_parse_flags_allow_hexadecimal_numbers hexadecimal
+       * so we have to do extra work to convert it to a non-hexadecimal for JSON
+       * output. */
+      parsed_number = json_strtoumax(number->number, json_null, 0);
+
+      /* We need a copy of parsed number twice, so take a backup of it. */
+      backup = parsed_number;
+
+      i = 0;
+
+      while (0 != parsed_number) {
+        parsed_number /= 10;
+        i++;
+      }
+
+      /* Restore parsed_number to its original value stored in the backup. */
+      parsed_number = backup;
+
+      /* Now use backup to take a copy of i, or the length of the string. */
+      backup = i;
+
+      do {
+        *(data + i - 1) = '0' + (char)(parsed_number % 10);
+        parsed_number /= 10;
+        i--;
+      } while (0 != parsed_number);
+
+      data += backup;
+
+      return data;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* check to see if the number has leading/trailing decimal point. */
+  i = 0;
+
+  /* skip any leading '-'. */
+  if ((i < number->number_size) &&
+      (('+' == number->number[i]) || ('-' == number->number[i]))) {
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  /* check if we have infinity. */
+  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('I' == number->number[i])) {
+    const char *inf = "Infinity";
+    size_t k;
+
+    for (k = i; k < number->number_size; k++) {
+      const char c = *inf++;
+
+      /* Check if we found the Infinity string! */
+      if ('\0' == c) {
+        break;
+      } else if (c != number->number[k]) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ('\0' == *inf++) {
+      const char *dbl_max;
+
+      /* if we had a leading '-' we need to record it in the JSON output. */
+      if ('-' == number->number[0]) {
+        *data++ = '-';
+      }
+
+      /* Inf becomes 1.7976931348623158e308 because JSON can't support it. */
+      for (dbl_max = "1.7976931348623158e308"; '\0' != *dbl_max; dbl_max++) {
+        *data++ = *dbl_max;
+      }
+
+      return data;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* check if we have nan. */
+  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('N' == number->number[i])) {
+    const char *nan = "NaN";
+    size_t k;
+
+    for (k = i; k < number->number_size; k++) {
+      const char c = *nan++;
+
+      /* Check if we found the NaN string! */
+      if ('\0' == c) {
+        break;
+      } else if (c != number->number[k]) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ('\0' == *nan++) {
+      /* NaN becomes 0 because JSON can't support it. */
+      *data++ = '0';
+      return data;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* if we had a leading decimal point. */
+  if ((i < number->number_size) && ('.' == number->number[i])) {
+    i = 0;
+
+    /* skip any leading '+'. */
+    if ('+' == number->number[i]) {
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    /* output the leading '-' if we had one. */
+    if ('-' == number->number[i]) {
+      *data++ = '-';
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    /* insert a '0' to fix the leading decimal point for JSON output. */
+    *data++ = '0';
+
+    /* and output the rest of the number as normal. */
+    for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
+      *data++ = number->number[i];
+    }
+
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
+    const char c = number->number[i];
+    if (!('0' <= c && c <= '9')) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* if we had a trailing decimal point. */
+  if ((i + 1 == number->number_size) && ('.' == number->number[i])) {
+    i = 0;
+
+    /* skip any leading '+'. */
+    if ('+' == number->number[i]) {
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    /* output the leading '-' if we had one. */
+    if ('-' == number->number[i]) {
+      *data++ = '-';
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    /* and output the rest of the number as normal. */
+    for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
+      *data++ = number->number[i];
+    }
+
+    /* insert a '0' to fix the trailing decimal point for JSON output. */
+    *data++ = '0';
+
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  i = 0;
+
+  /* skip any leading '+'. */
+  if ('+' == number->number[i]) {
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  for (; i < number->number_size; i++) {
+    *data++ = number->number[i];
+  }
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+json_weak char *json_write_string(const struct json_string_s *string,
+                                  char *data);
+char *json_write_string(const struct json_string_s *string, char *data) {
+  size_t i;
+
+  *data++ = '"'; /* open the string. */
+
+  for (i = 0; i < string->string_size; i++) {
+    switch (string->string[i]) {
+    case '"':
+      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
+      *data++ = '"';
+      break;
+    case '\\':
+      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
+      *data++ = '\\';
+      break;
+    case '\b':
+      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
+      *data++ = 'b';
+      break;
+    case '\f':
+      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
+      *data++ = 'f';
+      break;
+    case '\n':
+      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
+      *data++ = 'n';
+      break;
+    case '\r':
+      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
+      *data++ = 'r';
+      break;
+    case '\t':
+      *data++ = '\\'; /* escape the control character. */
+      *data++ = 't';
+      break;
+    default:
+      *data++ = string->string[i];
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *data++ = '"'; /* close the string. */
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+json_weak char *json_write_minified_array(const struct json_array_s *array,
+                                          char *data);
+char *json_write_minified_array(const struct json_array_s *array, char *data) {
+  struct json_array_element_s *element = json_null;
+
+  *data++ = '['; /* open the array. */
+
+  for (element = array->start; json_null != element; element = element->next) {
+    if (element != array->start) {
+      *data++ = ','; /* ','s seperate each element. */
+    }
+
+    data = json_write_minified_value(element->value, data);
+
+    if (json_null == data) {
+      /* value was malformed! */
+      return json_null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *data++ = ']'; /* close the array. */
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+json_weak char *json_write_minified_object(const struct json_object_s *object,
+                                           char *data);
+char *json_write_minified_object(const struct json_object_s *object,
+                                 char *data) {
+  struct json_object_element_s *element = json_null;
+
+  *data++ = '{'; /* open the object. */
+
+  for (element = object->start; json_null != element; element = element->next) {
+    if (element != object->start) {
+      *data++ = ','; /* ','s seperate each element. */
+    }
+
+    data = json_write_string(element->name, data);
+
+    if (json_null == data) {
+      /* string was malformed! */
+      return json_null;
+    }
+
+    *data++ = ':'; /* ':'s seperate each name/value pair. */
+
+    data = json_write_minified_value(element->value, data);
+
+    if (json_null == data) {
+      /* value was malformed! */
+      return json_null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *data++ = '}'; /* close the object. */
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+json_weak char *json_write_minified_value(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                          char *data);
+char *json_write_minified_value(const struct json_value_s *value, char *data) {
+  switch (value->type) {
+  default:
+    /* unknown value type found! */
+    return json_null;
+  case json_type_number:
+    return json_write_number((struct json_number_s *)value->payload, data);
+  case json_type_string:
+    return json_write_string((struct json_string_s *)value->payload, data);
+  case json_type_array:
+    return json_write_minified_array((struct json_array_s *)value->payload,
+                                     data);
+  case json_type_object:
+    return json_write_minified_object((struct json_object_s *)value->payload,
+                                      data);
+  case json_type_true:
+    data[0] = 't';
+    data[1] = 'r';
+    data[2] = 'u';
+    data[3] = 'e';
+    return data + 4;
+  case json_type_false:
+    data[0] = 'f';
+    data[1] = 'a';
+    data[2] = 'l';
+    data[3] = 's';
+    data[4] = 'e';
+    return data + 5;
+  case json_type_null:
+    data[0] = 'n';
+    data[1] = 'u';
+    data[2] = 'l';
+    data[3] = 'l';
+    return data + 4;
+  }
+}
+
+void *json_write_minified(const struct json_value_s *value, size_t *out_size) {
+  size_t size = 0;
+  char *data = json_null;
+  char *data_end = json_null;
+
+  if (json_null == value) {
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  if (json_write_minified_get_value_size(value, &size)) {
+    /* value was malformed! */
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  size += 1; /* for the '\0' null terminating character. */
+
+  data = (char *)malloc(size);
+
+  if (json_null == data) {
+    /* malloc failed! */
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  data_end = json_write_minified_value(value, data);
+
+  if (json_null == data_end) {
+    /* bad chi occurred! */
+    free(data);
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  /* null terminated the string. */
+  *data_end = '\0';
+
+  if (json_null != out_size) {
+    *out_size = size;
+  }
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_write_pretty_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                               size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
+                                               size_t newline_size,
+                                               size_t *size);
+
+json_weak int json_write_pretty_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *array,
+                                               size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
+                                               size_t newline_size,
+                                               size_t *size);
+int json_write_pretty_get_array_size(const struct json_array_s *array,
+                                     size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
+                                     size_t newline_size, size_t *size) {
+  struct json_array_element_s *element;
+
+  *size += 1; /* '['. */
+
+  if (0 < array->length) {
+    /* if we have any elements we need to add a newline after our '['. */
+    *size += newline_size;
+
+    *size += array->length - 1; /* ','s seperate each element. */
+
+    for (element = array->start; json_null != element;
+         element = element->next) {
+      /* each element gets an indent. */
+      *size += (depth + 1) * indent_size;
+
+      if (json_write_pretty_get_value_size(element->value, depth + 1,
+                                           indent_size, newline_size, size)) {
+        /* value was malformed! */
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      /* each element gets a newline too. */
+      *size += newline_size;
+    }
+
+    /* since we wrote out some elements, need to add a newline and indentation.
+     */
+    /* to the trailing ']'. */
+    *size += depth * indent_size;
+  }
+
+  *size += 1; /* ']'. */
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int
+json_write_pretty_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *object,
+                                  size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
+                                  size_t newline_size, size_t *size);
+int json_write_pretty_get_object_size(const struct json_object_s *object,
+                                      size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
+                                      size_t newline_size, size_t *size) {
+  struct json_object_element_s *element;
+
+  *size += 1; /* '{'. */
+
+  if (0 < object->length) {
+    *size += newline_size; /* need a newline next. */
+
+    *size += object->length - 1; /* ','s seperate each element. */
+
+    for (element = object->start; json_null != element;
+         element = element->next) {
+      /* each element gets an indent and newline. */
+      *size += (depth + 1) * indent_size;
+      *size += newline_size;
+
+      if (json_write_get_string_size(element->name, size)) {
+        /* string was malformed! */
+        return 1;
+      }
+
+      *size += 3; /* seperate each name/value pair with " : ". */
+
+      if (json_write_pretty_get_value_size(element->value, depth + 1,
+                                           indent_size, newline_size, size)) {
+        /* value was malformed! */
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    *size += depth * indent_size;
+  }
+
+  *size += 1; /* '}'. */
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+json_weak int json_write_pretty_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                               size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
+                                               size_t newline_size,
+                                               size_t *size);
+int json_write_pretty_get_value_size(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                     size_t depth, size_t indent_size,
+                                     size_t newline_size, size_t *size) {
+  switch (value->type) {
+  default:
+    /* unknown value type found! */
+    return 1;
+  case json_type_number:
+    return json_write_get_number_size((struct json_number_s *)value->payload,
+                                      size);
+  case json_type_string:
+    return json_write_get_string_size((struct json_string_s *)value->payload,
+                                      size);
+  case json_type_array:
+    return json_write_pretty_get_array_size(
+        (struct json_array_s *)value->payload, depth, indent_size, newline_size,
+        size);
+  case json_type_object:
+    return json_write_pretty_get_object_size(
+        (struct json_object_s *)value->payload, depth, indent_size,
+        newline_size, size);
+  case json_type_true:
+    *size += 4; /* the string "true". */
+    return 0;
+  case json_type_false:
+    *size += 5; /* the string "false". */
+    return 0;
+  case json_type_null:
+    *size += 4; /* the string "null". */
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+json_weak char *json_write_pretty_value(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                        size_t depth, const char *indent,
+                                        const char *newline, char *data);
+
+json_weak char *json_write_pretty_array(const struct json_array_s *array,
+                                        size_t depth, const char *indent,
+                                        const char *newline, char *data);
+char *json_write_pretty_array(const struct json_array_s *array, size_t depth,
+                              const char *indent, const char *newline,
+                              char *data) {
+  size_t k, m;
+  struct json_array_element_s *element;
+
+  *data++ = '['; /* open the array. */
+
+  if (0 < array->length) {
+    for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
+      *data++ = newline[k];
+    }
+
+    for (element = array->start; json_null != element;
+         element = element->next) {
+      if (element != array->start) {
+        *data++ = ','; /* ','s seperate each element. */
+
+        for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
+          *data++ = newline[k];
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (k = 0; k < depth + 1; k++) {
+        for (m = 0; '\0' != indent[m]; m++) {
+          *data++ = indent[m];
+        }
+      }
+
+      data = json_write_pretty_value(element->value, depth + 1, indent, newline,
+                                     data);
+
+      if (json_null == data) {
+        /* value was malformed! */
+        return json_null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
+      *data++ = newline[k];
+    }
+
+    for (k = 0; k < depth; k++) {
+      for (m = 0; '\0' != indent[m]; m++) {
+        *data++ = indent[m];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  *data++ = ']'; /* close the array. */
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+json_weak char *json_write_pretty_object(const struct json_object_s *object,
+                                         size_t depth, const char *indent,
+                                         const char *newline, char *data);
+char *json_write_pretty_object(const struct json_object_s *object, size_t depth,
+                               const char *indent, const char *newline,
+                               char *data) {
+  size_t k, m;
+  struct json_object_element_s *element;
+
+  *data++ = '{'; /* open the object. */
+
+  if (0 < object->length) {
+    for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
+      *data++ = newline[k];
+    }
+
+    for (element = object->start; json_null != element;
+         element = element->next) {
+      if (element != object->start) {
+        *data++ = ','; /* ','s seperate each element. */
+
+        for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
+          *data++ = newline[k];
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (k = 0; k < depth + 1; k++) {
+        for (m = 0; '\0' != indent[m]; m++) {
+          *data++ = indent[m];
+        }
+      }
+
+      data = json_write_string(element->name, data);
+
+      if (json_null == data) {
+        /* string was malformed! */
+        return json_null;
+      }
+
+      /* " : "s seperate each name/value pair. */
+      *data++ = ' ';
+      *data++ = ':';
+      *data++ = ' ';
+
+      data = json_write_pretty_value(element->value, depth + 1, indent, newline,
+                                     data);
+
+      if (json_null == data) {
+        /* value was malformed! */
+        return json_null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (k = 0; '\0' != newline[k]; k++) {
+      *data++ = newline[k];
+    }
+
+    for (k = 0; k < depth; k++) {
+      for (m = 0; '\0' != indent[m]; m++) {
+        *data++ = indent[m];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  *data++ = '}'; /* close the object. */
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+json_weak char *json_write_pretty_value(const struct json_value_s *value,
+                                        size_t depth, const char *indent,
+                                        const char *newline, char *data);
+char *json_write_pretty_value(const struct json_value_s *value, size_t depth,
+                              const char *indent, const char *newline,
+                              char *data) {
+  switch (value->type) {
+  default:
+    /* unknown value type found! */
+    return json_null;
+  case json_type_number:
+    return json_write_number((struct json_number_s *)value->payload, data);
+  case json_type_string:
+    return json_write_string((struct json_string_s *)value->payload, data);
+  case json_type_array:
+    return json_write_pretty_array((struct json_array_s *)value->payload, depth,
+                                   indent, newline, data);
+  case json_type_object:
+    return json_write_pretty_object((struct json_object_s *)value->payload,
+                                    depth, indent, newline, data);
+  case json_type_true:
+    data[0] = 't';
+    data[1] = 'r';
+    data[2] = 'u';
+    data[3] = 'e';
+    return data + 4;
+  case json_type_false:
+    data[0] = 'f';
+    data[1] = 'a';
+    data[2] = 'l';
+    data[3] = 's';
+    data[4] = 'e';
+    return data + 5;
+  case json_type_null:
+    data[0] = 'n';
+    data[1] = 'u';
+    data[2] = 'l';
+    data[3] = 'l';
+    return data + 4;
+  }
+}
+
+void *json_write_pretty(const struct json_value_s *value, const char *indent,
+                        const char *newline, size_t *out_size) {
+  size_t size = 0;
+  size_t indent_size = 0;
+  size_t newline_size = 0;
+  char *data = json_null;
+  char *data_end = json_null;
+
+  if (json_null == value) {
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  if (json_null == indent) {
+    indent = "  "; /* default to two spaces. */
+  }
+
+  if (json_null == newline) {
+    newline = "\n"; /* default to linux newlines. */
+  }
+
+  while ('\0' != indent[indent_size]) {
+    ++indent_size; /* skip non-null terminating characters. */
+  }
+
+  while ('\0' != newline[newline_size]) {
+    ++newline_size; /* skip non-null terminating characters. */
+  }
+
+  if (json_write_pretty_get_value_size(value, 0, indent_size, newline_size,
+                                       &size)) {
+    /* value was malformed! */
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  size += 1; /* for the '\0' null terminating character. */
+
+  data = (char *)malloc(size);
+
+  if (json_null == data) {
+    /* malloc failed! */
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  data_end = json_write_pretty_value(value, 0, indent, newline, data);
+
+  if (json_null == data_end) {
+    /* bad chi occurred! */
+    free(data);
+    return json_null;
+  }
+
+  /* null terminated the string. */
+  *data_end = '\0';
+
+  if (json_null != out_size) {
+    *out_size = size;
+  }
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* SHEREDOM_JSON_H_INCLUDED. */
diff --git a/src/swtpm_setup/swtpm_setup.c b/src/swtpm_setup/swtpm_setup.c
index 96e8b9f..ade5e34 100644
--- a/src/swtpm_setup/swtpm_setup.c
+++ b/src/swtpm_setup/swtpm_setup.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  * Author: Stefan Berger, stefanb@linux.ibm.com
  *
  * Copyright (c) IBM Corporation, 2021
+ * Copyright (c) Monogon SE, 2024
  */
 
 #include "config.h"
@@ -27,8 +28,7 @@
 #include "glib/gstdio.h"
 #include "glib/gprintf.h"
 
-#include <glib-object.h>
-#include <json-glib/json-glib.h>
+#include "json.h"
 
 #include <libtpms/tpm_nvfilename.h>
 
@@ -99,78 +99,112 @@ static int tpm_get_specs_and_attributes(struct swtpm *swtpm, gchar ***params)
 {
     int ret;
     g_autofree gchar *json = NULL;
-    JsonParser *jp = NULL;
-    GError *error = NULL;
-    JsonReader *jr = NULL;
-    JsonNode *root;
-    static const struct parse_rule {
-         const char *node1;
-         const char *node2;
-         gboolean is_int;
-         const char *optname;
-    } parser_rules[7] = {
-         {"TPMSpecification", "family", FALSE, "--tpm-spec-family"},
-         {"TPMSpecification", "level", TRUE, "--tpm-spec-level"},
-         {"TPMSpecification", "revision", TRUE, "--tpm-spec-revision"},
-         {"TPMAttributes", "manufacturer", FALSE, "--tpm-manufacturer"},
-         {"TPMAttributes", "model", FALSE, "--tpm-model"},
-         {"TPMAttributes", "version", FALSE, "--tpm-version"},
-         {NULL, NULL, FALSE, NULL},
-    };
-    size_t idx;
+    struct json_value_s *root = NULL;
+    struct json_object_s *obj = NULL;
+
+    *params = NULL;
 
     ret = swtpm->cops->ctrl_get_tpm_specs_and_attrs(swtpm, &json);
     if (ret != 0) {
         logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "Could not get the TPM spec and attribute parameters.\n");
-        return 1;
+        ret = 1;
+        goto error;
     }
 
-    jp = json_parser_new();
+    root = json_parse(json, strlen(json));
+    if (root == 0) {
+        logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "Could not parse JSON from TPM spec and attribute parameters.\n");
+        ret = 1;
+        goto error;
+    }
+    obj = json_value_as_object(root);
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+        logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "JSON root is not an object.\n");
+        ret = 1;
+        goto error;
+    }
 
-    if (!json_parser_load_from_data(jp, json, -1, &error)) {
-        logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "JSON parser failed: %s\n", error->message);
-        g_error_free(error);
+    struct json_object_s *TPMSpecification = NULL;
+    struct json_object_s *TPMAttributes = NULL;
+    for (struct json_object_element_s *el = obj->start; el != NULL; el = el->next) {
+        if (strcmp(el->name->string, "TPMSpecification") == 0) {
+            TPMSpecification = json_value_as_object(el->value);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(el->name->string, "TPMAttributes") == 0) {
+            TPMAttributes = json_value_as_object(el->value);
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+    if (TPMSpecification == NULL) {
+        logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "TPMSpecification not found in JSON.\n");
+        ret = 1;
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (TPMAttributes == NULL) {
+        logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "TPMAttributes not found in JSON.\n");
+        ret = 1;
         goto error;
     }
 
-    *params = NULL;
-    root = json_parser_get_root(jp);
-
-    for (idx = 0; parser_rules[idx].node1 != NULL; idx++) {
-        jr = json_reader_new(root);
-        if (json_reader_read_member(jr, parser_rules[idx].node1) &&
-            json_reader_read_member(jr, parser_rules[idx].node2)) {
-            gchar *str;
-
-            if (parser_rules[idx].is_int)
-                str = g_strdup_printf("%ld", (long)json_reader_get_int_value(jr));
-            else
-                str = g_strdup(json_reader_get_string_value(jr));
-
-            *params = concat_arrays(*params,
-                                    (gchar*[]){
-                                        g_strdup(parser_rules[idx].optname),
-                                        str,
-                                        NULL
-                                    }, TRUE);
-        } else {
-            logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "Could not find [%s][%s] in '%s'\n",
-                   parser_rules[idx].node1, parser_rules[idx].node2, json);
-            ret = 1;
-            break;
+    const char *spec_family = NULL;
+    const char *spec_level = NULL;
+    const char *spec_revision = NULL;
+    const char *attr_manufacturer = NULL;
+    const char *attr_model = NULL;
+    const char *attr_version = NULL;
+
+    for (struct json_object_element_s *el = TPMSpecification->start; el != NULL; el = el->next) {
+        if (strcmp(el->name->string, "family") == 0 && el->value->type == json_type_string) {
+            spec_family = json_value_as_string(el->value)->string;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(el->name->string, "level") == 0 && el->value->type == json_type_number) {
+            spec_level = json_value_as_number(el->value)->number;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(el->name->string, "revision") == 0 && el->value->type == json_type_number) {
+            spec_revision = json_value_as_number(el->value)->number;
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+    for (struct json_object_element_s *el = TPMAttributes->start; el != NULL; el = el->next) {
+        if (strcmp(el->name->string, "manufacturer") == 0 && el->value->type == json_type_string) {
+            attr_manufacturer = json_value_as_string(el->value)->string;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(el->name->string, "model") == 0 && el->value->type == json_type_string) {
+            attr_model = json_value_as_string(el->value)->string;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(el->name->string, "version") == 0 && el->value->type == json_type_string) {
+            attr_version = json_value_as_string(el->value)->string;
+            continue;
         }
-        g_object_unref(jr);
-        jr = NULL;
     }
 
+    if (!spec_family) { logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "family not found in TPMSpecifiction.\n"); ret = 1; goto error; }
+    if (!spec_level) { logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "level not found in TPMSpecifiction.\n"); ret = 1; goto error; }
+    if (!spec_revision) { logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "revision not found in TPMSpecifiction.\n"); ret = 1; goto error; }
+    if (!attr_manufacturer) { logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "manufacturer not found in TPMAttributes.\n"); ret = 1; goto error; }
+    if (!attr_model) { logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "model not found in TPMAttributes.\n"); ret = 1; goto error; }
+    if (!attr_version) { logerr(gl_LOGFILE, "version not found in TPMAttributes.\n"); ret = 1; goto error; }
+
+    *params = concat_arrays(*params, (gchar*[]) {
+            g_strdup("--tpm-spec-family"), g_strdup(spec_family),
+            g_strdup("--tpm-spec-revision"), g_strdup(spec_revision),
+            g_strdup("--tpm-spec-level"), g_strdup(spec_level),
+            g_strdup("--tpm-manufacturer"), g_strdup(attr_manufacturer),
+            g_strdup("--tpm-model"), g_strdup(attr_model),
+            g_strdup("--tpm-version"), g_strdup(attr_version),
+            NULL }, TRUE);
+error:
     if (ret) {
         g_strfreev(*params);
-        *params = NULL;
-        g_object_unref(jr);
     }
-error:
-    g_object_unref(jp);
-
+    if (root) {
+        free(root);
+    }
     return ret;
 }
 
-- 
2.42.0