treewide: introduce osbase package and move things around

All except localregistry moved from metropolis/pkg to osbase,
localregistry moved to metropolis/test as its only used there anyway.

Change-Id: If1a4bf377364bef0ac23169e1b90379c71b06d72
Reviewed-on: https://review.monogon.dev/c/monogon/+/3079
Tested-by: Jenkins CI
Reviewed-by: Serge Bazanski <serge@monogon.tech>
diff --git a/osbase/event/memory/memory.go b/osbase/event/memory/memory.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16818a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/osbase/event/memory/memory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Monogon Project Authors.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package memory
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+
+	"source.monogon.dev/osbase/event"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Type assert that *Value implements Value. We do this artificially, as
+	// there currently is no code path that needs this to be strictly true. However,
+	// users of this library might want to rely on the Value type instead of
+	// particular Value implementations.
+	_ event.Value[int] = &Value[int]{}
+)
+
+// Value is a 'memory value', which implements a event.Value stored in memory.
+// It is safe to construct an empty object of this type. However, this must not
+// be copied.
+type Value[T any] struct {
+	// mu guards the inner, innerSet and watchers fields.
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+	// inner is the latest data Set on the Value. It is used to provide the
+	// newest version of the Set data to new watchers.
+	inner T
+	// innerSet is true when inner has been Set at least once. It is used to
+	// differentiate between a nil and unset value.
+	innerSet bool
+	// watchers is the list of watchers that should be updated when new data is
+	// Set. It will grow on every .Watch() and shrink any time a watcher is
+	// determined to have been closed.
+	watchers []*watcher[T]
+
+	// Sync, if set to true, blocks all .Set() calls on the Value until all
+	// Watchers derived from it actively .Get() the new value. This can be used
+	// to ensure Watchers always receive a full log of all Set() calls.
+	//
+	// This must not be changed after the first .Set/.Watch call.
+	//
+	// This is an experimental API and subject to change. It might be migrated
+	// to per-Watcher settings defined within the main event.Value/Watcher
+	// interfaces.
+	Sync bool
+}
+
+// Set updates the Value to the given data. It is safe to call this from
+// multiple goroutines, including concurrently.
+//
+// For more information about guarantees, see event.Value.Set.
+func (m *Value[T]) Set(val T) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Update the data that is provided on first Get() to watchers.
+	m.inner = val
+	m.innerSet = true
+
+	// Go through all watchers, updating them on the new value and filtering out
+	// all closed watchers.
+	newWatchers := m.watchers[:0]
+	for _, w := range m.watchers {
+		if w.closed() {
+			continue
+		}
+		w.update(m.Sync, val)
+		newWatchers = append(newWatchers, w)
+	}
+	if cap(newWatchers) > len(newWatchers)*3 {
+		reallocated := make([]*watcher[T], 0, len(newWatchers)*2)
+		newWatchers = append(reallocated, newWatchers...)
+	}
+	m.watchers = newWatchers
+}
+
+// watcher implements the event.Watcher interface for watchers returned by
+// Value.
+type watcher[T any] struct {
+	// bufferedC is a buffered channel of size 1 for submitting values to the
+	// watcher.
+	bufferedC chan T
+	// unbufferedC is an unbuffered channel, which is used when Sync is enabled.
+	unbufferedC chan T
+
+	// getSem is a channel-based semaphore (which is of size 1, and thus in
+	// fact a mutex) that is used to ensure that only a single .Get() call is
+	// active. It is implemented as a channel to permit concurrent .Get() calls
+	// to error out instead of blocking.
+	getSem chan struct{}
+	// close is a channel that is closed when this watcher is itself Closed.
+	close chan struct{}
+}
+
+// Watch retrieves a Watcher that keeps track on the version of the data
+// contained within the Value that was last seen by a consumer.
+//
+// For more information about guarantees, see event.Value.Watch.
+func (m *Value[T]) Watch() event.Watcher[T] {
+	waiter := &watcher[T]{
+		bufferedC:   make(chan T, 1),
+		unbufferedC: make(chan T),
+		close:       make(chan struct{}),
+		getSem:      make(chan struct{}, 1),
+	}
+
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	// If the watchers slice is at capacity, drop closed watchers, and
+	// reallocate the slice at 2x length if it is not between 1.5x and 3x.
+	if len(m.watchers) == cap(m.watchers) {
+		newWatchers := m.watchers[:0]
+		for _, w := range m.watchers {
+			if !w.closed() {
+				newWatchers = append(newWatchers, w)
+			}
+		}
+		if cap(newWatchers)*2 < len(newWatchers)*3 || cap(newWatchers) > len(newWatchers)*3 {
+			reallocated := make([]*watcher[T], 0, len(newWatchers)*2)
+			newWatchers = append(reallocated, newWatchers...)
+		}
+		m.watchers = newWatchers
+	}
+	// Append this watcher to the Value.
+	m.watchers = append(m.watchers, waiter)
+	// If the Value already has some value set, put it in the buffered channel.
+	if m.innerSet {
+		waiter.bufferedC <- m.inner
+	}
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return waiter
+}
+
+// closed returns whether this watcher has been closed.
+func (m *watcher[T]) closed() bool {
+	select {
+	case _, ok := <-m.close:
+		if !ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	default:
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// update is the high level update-this-watcher function called by Value.
+func (m *watcher[T]) update(sync bool, val T) {
+	// If synchronous delivery was requested, block until a watcher .Gets it,
+	// or is closed.
+	if sync {
+		select {
+		case m.unbufferedC <- val:
+		case <-m.close:
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, deliver asynchronously. If there is already a value in the
+	// buffered channel that was not retrieved, drop it.
+	select {
+	case <-m.bufferedC:
+	default:
+	}
+	// The channel is now empty, so sending to it cannot block.
+	m.bufferedC <- val
+}
+
+func (m *watcher[T]) Close() error {
+	close(m.close)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Get blocks until a Value's data is available. See event.Watcher.Get for
+// guarantees and more information.
+func (m *watcher[T]) Get(ctx context.Context, opts ...event.GetOption[T]) (T, error) {
+	// Make sure we're the only active .Get call.
+	var empty T
+	select {
+	case m.getSem <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+		return empty, fmt.Errorf("cannot Get() concurrently on a single waiter")
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		<-m.getSem
+	}()
+
+	var predicate func(t T) bool
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		if opt.Predicate != nil {
+			predicate = opt.Predicate
+		}
+		if opt.BacklogOnly {
+			return empty, errors.New("BacklogOnly is not implemented for memory watchers")
+		}
+	}
+
+	for {
+		var val T
+		// For Sync values, ensure the initial value in the buffered
+		// channel is delivered first.
+		select {
+		case val = <-m.bufferedC:
+		default:
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return empty, ctx.Err()
+			case val = <-m.bufferedC:
+			case val = <-m.unbufferedC:
+			}
+		}
+		if predicate != nil && !predicate(val) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return val, nil
+	}
+}