Initial operating system work

Adds a draft for most of the operating system work, sans external things like EDK2 and kernel build which will be pushed later in a separate diff.

* Sealing/Unsealing of encrypted and integrity-protected data partition using TPM2
* PID1 standard behaviour (mounting minimal filesystems, cleaning up orphans)
* TPM2.0 helper library
* Block device finding and mounting

Test Plan: Manually tested, CI will be dealt with later.

X-Origin-Diff: phab/D157
GitOrigin-RevId: 6fc494f50cab1f081c3d352677158c009f4d7990
diff --git a/pkg/tpm/tpm.go b/pkg/tpm/tpm.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f5719b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tpm/tpm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Monogon Project Authors.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package tpm
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"smalltown/pkg/sysfs"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
+	tpmpb "github.com/google/go-tpm-tools/proto"
+	"github.com/google/go-tpm-tools/tpm2tools"
+	"github.com/google/go-tpm/tpm2"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+var (
+	// SecureBootPCRs are all PCRs that measure the current Secure Boot configuration
+	SecureBootPCRs = []int{7}
+
+	// FirmwarePCRs are alle PCRs that contain the firmware measurements
+	// See https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TCG_EFI_Platform_1_22_Final_-v15.pdf
+	FirmwarePCRs = []int{0, 2, 3}
+
+	// FullSystemPCRs are all PCRs that contain any measurements up to the currently running EFI
+	// payload.
+	FullSystemPCRs = []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrNotExists is returned when no TPMs are available in the system
+	ErrNotExists = errors.New("no TPMs found")
+	// ErrNotInitialized is returned when this package was not initialized successfully
+	ErrNotInitialized = errors.New("no TPM was initialized")
+)
+
+// Singleton since the TPM is too
+var tpm *TPM
+
+// We're serializing all TPM operations since it has a limited number of handles and recovering
+// if it runs out is difficult to implement correctly. Might also be marginally more secure.
+var lock sync.Mutex
+
+// TPM represents a high-level interface to a connected TPM 2.0
+type TPM struct {
+	logger *zap.Logger
+	device io.ReadWriteCloser
+}
+
+// Initialize finds and opens the TPM (if any). If there is no TPM available it returns
+// ErrNotExists
+func Initialize(logger *zap.Logger) error {
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	tpmDir, err := os.Open("/sys/class/tpm")
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to open sysfs TPM class")
+	}
+	defer tpmDir.Close()
+
+	tpms, err := tpmDir.Readdirnames(2)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read TPM device class")
+	}
+
+	if len(tpms) == 0 {
+		return ErrNotExists
+	}
+	if len(tpms) > 1 {
+		logger.Warn("Found more than one TPM, using the first one")
+	}
+	tpmName := tpms[0]
+	ueventData, err := sysfs.ReadUevents(filepath.Join("/sys/class/tpm", tpmName, "uevent"))
+	majorDev, err := strconv.Atoi(ueventData["MAJOR"])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to convert uevent: %w", err)
+	}
+	minorDev, err := strconv.Atoi(ueventData["MINOR"])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to convert uevent: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := unix.Mknod("/dev/tpm", 0600|unix.S_IFCHR, int(unix.Mkdev(uint32(majorDev), uint32(minorDev)))); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create TPM device node")
+	}
+	device, err := tpm2.OpenTPM("/dev/tpm")
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to open TPM")
+	}
+	tpm = &TPM{
+		device: device,
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GenerateSafeKey uses two sources of randomness (Kernel & TPM) to generate the key
+func GenerateSafeKey(size uint16) ([]byte, error) {
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	if tpm == nil {
+		return []byte{}, ErrNotInitialized
+	}
+	encryptionKeyHost := make([]byte, size)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, encryptionKeyHost); err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to generate host portion of new key")
+	}
+	var encryptionKeyTPM []byte
+	for i := 48; i > 0; i-- {
+		tpmKeyPart, err := tpm2.GetRandom(tpm.device, size-uint16(len(encryptionKeyTPM)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return []byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to generate TPM portion of new key")
+		}
+		encryptionKeyTPM = append(encryptionKeyTPM, tpmKeyPart...)
+		if len(encryptionKeyTPM) >= int(size) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(encryptionKeyTPM) != int(size) {
+		return []byte{}, fmt.Errorf("got incorrect amount of TPM randomess: %v, requested %v", len(encryptionKeyTPM), size)
+	}
+
+	encryptionKey := make([]byte, size)
+	for i := uint16(0); i < size; i++ {
+		encryptionKey[i] = encryptionKeyHost[i] ^ encryptionKeyTPM[i]
+	}
+	return encryptionKey, nil
+}
+
+// Seal seals sensitive data and only allows access if the current platform configuration in
+// matches the one the data was sealed on.
+func Seal(data []byte, pcrs []int) ([]byte, error) {
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	if tpm == nil {
+		return []byte{}, ErrNotInitialized
+	}
+	srk, err := tpm2tools.StorageRootKeyRSA(tpm.device)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to load TPM SRK")
+	}
+	defer srk.Close()
+	sealedKey, err := srk.Seal(pcrs, data)
+	sealedKeyRaw, err := proto.Marshal(sealedKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to marshal sealed data")
+	}
+	return sealedKeyRaw, nil
+}
+
+// Unseal unseals sensitive data if the current platform configuration allows and sealing constraints
+// allow it.
+func Unseal(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	lock.Lock()
+	defer lock.Unlock()
+	if tpm == nil {
+		return []byte{}, ErrNotInitialized
+	}
+	srk, err := tpm2tools.StorageRootKeyRSA(tpm.device)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to load TPM SRK")
+	}
+	defer srk.Close()
+
+	var sealedKey tpmpb.SealedBytes
+	if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, &sealedKey); err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to decode sealed data")
+	}
+	// Logging this for auditing purposes
+	tpm.logger.Info("Attempting to unseal data protected with PCRs", zap.Int32s("pcrs", sealedKey.Pcrs))
+	unsealedData, err := srk.Unseal(&sealedKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []byte{}, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to unseal data")
+	}
+	return unsealedData, nil
+}