diff --git a/cloud/takeover/e2e/main_test.go b/cloud/takeover/e2e/main_test.go
index 02b982a..4a74633 100644
--- a/cloud/takeover/e2e/main_test.go
+++ b/cloud/takeover/e2e/main_test.go
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
 	qemuArgs := []string{
 		"-machine", "q35", "-accel", "kvm", "-nographic", "-nodefaults", "-m", "1024",
 		"-cpu", "host", "-smp", "sockets=1,cpus=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=4",
-		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=" + ovmfCodePath,
+		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,file=" + ovmfCodePath,
 		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,snapshot=on,file=" + ovmfVarsPath,
 		"-drive", "if=virtio,format=qcow2,snapshot=on,cache=unsafe,file=" + cloudImagePath,
 		"-drive", "if=virtio,format=raw,snapshot=on,file=" + cloudInitDataFile.Name(),
diff --git a/metropolis/installer/test/main.go b/metropolis/installer/test/main.go
index 82efb44..4bcf5d0 100644
--- a/metropolis/installer/test/main.go
+++ b/metropolis/installer/test/main.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 		"-m", "512",
 		"-smp", "2",
 		"-cpu", "host",
-		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=external/edk2/OVMF_CODE.fd",
+		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,file=external/edk2/OVMF_CODE.fd",
 		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,snapshot=on,file=external/edk2/OVMF_VARS.fd",
 		"-serial", "stdio",
 		"-no-reboot",
diff --git a/metropolis/test/launch/cluster/cluster.go b/metropolis/test/launch/cluster/cluster.go
index fd69b77..06d13da 100644
--- a/metropolis/test/launch/cluster/cluster.go
+++ b/metropolis/test/launch/cluster/cluster.go
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
 	qemuArgs := []string{
 		"-machine", "q35", "-accel", "kvm", "-nographic", "-nodefaults", "-m", "4096",
 		"-cpu", "host", "-smp", "sockets=1,cpus=1,cores=2,threads=2,maxcpus=4",
-		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=external/edk2/OVMF_CODE.fd",
+		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,file=external/edk2/OVMF_CODE.fd",
 		"-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,file=" + fwVarPath,
 		"-drive", "if=virtio,format=raw,cache=unsafe,file=" + storagePath,
 		"-netdev", qemuNetConfig.ToOption(qemuNetType),