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// Copyright The Monogon Project Authors.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// Package dhcp4c provides a client implementation of the DHCPv4 protocol
// (RFC2131) and a few extensions for Linux-based systems.
// The code is split into three main parts:
// - The core DHCP state machine, which lives in dhcpc.go
// - Mechanisms to send and receive DHCP messages, which live in transport/
// - Standard callbacks which implement necessary kernel configuration steps in
// a simple and standalone way living in callback/
//
// Since the DHCP protocol is ugly and underspecified (see
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dhc-implementation-02 for a subset of
// known issues), this client slightly bends the specification in the following
// cases:
// - IP fragmentation for DHCP messages is not supported for both sending and
// receiving messages This is because the major servers (ISC, dnsmasq, ...)
// do not implement it and just drop fragmented packets, so it would be
// counterproductive to try to send them. The client just attempts to send
// the full message and hopes it passes through to the server.
// - The suggested timeouts and wait periods have been tightened significantly.
// When the standard was written 10Mbps Ethernet with hubs was a common
// interconnect. Using these would make the client extremely slow on today's
// 1Gbps+ networks.
// - Wrong data in DHCP responses is fixed up if possible. This fixing includes
// dropping prohibited options, clamping semantically invalid data and
// defaulting not set options as far as it's possible. Non-recoverable
// responses (for example because a non-Unicast IP is handed out or lease
// time is not set or zero) are still ignored. All data which can be stored
// in both DHCP fields and options is also normalized to the corresponding
// option.
// - Duplicate Address Detection is not implemented by default. It's slow, hard
// to implement correctly and generally not necessary on modern networks as
// the servers already waste time checking for duplicate addresses. It's
// possible to hook it in via a LeaseCallback if necessary in a given
// application.
//
// Operationally, there's one known caveat to using this client: If the lease
// offered during the select phase (in a DHCPOFFER) is not the same as the one
// sent in the following DHCPACK the first one might be acceptable, but the
// second one might not be. This can cause pathological behavior where the
// client constantly switches between discovering and requesting states.
// Depending on the reuse policies on the DHCP server this can cause the client
// to consume all available IP addresses. Sadly there's no good way of fixing
// this within the boundaries of the protocol. A DHCPRELEASE for the adresse
// would need to be unicasted so the unaccepable address would need to be
// configured which can be either impossible if it's not valid or not
// acceptable from a security standpoint (for example because it overlaps with
// a prefix used internally) and a DHCPDECLINE would cause the server to
// blacklist the IP thus also depleting the IP pool.
// This could be potentially avoided by originating DHCPRELEASE packages from a
// userspace transport, but said transport would need to be routing- and
// PMTU-aware which would make it even more complicated than the existing
// BroadcastTransport.
package dhcp4c