core/pkg/logtree/journal.go

// Copyright 2020 The Monogon Project Authors.
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package logtree

import (
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"sync"
)

// DN is the Distinguished Name, a dot-delimited path used to address loggers within a LogTree. For example, "foo.bar"
// designates the 'bar' logger node under the 'foo' logger node under the root node of the logger. An empty string is
// the root node of the tree.
type DN string

// Path return the parts of a DN, ie. all the elements of the dot-delimited DN path. For the root node, an empty list
// will be returned. An error will be returned if the DN is invalid (contains empty parts, eg. `foo..bar`, `.foo` or
// `foo.`.
func (d DN) Path() ([]string, error) {
	if d == "" {
		return nil, nil
	}
	parts := strings.Split(string(d), ".")
	for _, p := range parts {
		if p == "" {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid DN")
		}
	}
	return parts, nil
}

// journal is the main log recording structure of logtree. It manages linked lists containing the actual log entries,
// and implements scans across them. It does not understand the hierarchical nature of logtree, and instead sees all
// entries as part of a global linked list and a local linked list for a given DN.
//
// The global linked list is represented by the head/tail pointers in journal and nextGlobal/prevGlobal pointers in
// entries. The local linked lists are represented by heads[DN]/tails[DN] pointers in journal and nextLocal/prevLocal
// pointers in entries:
//
//       .------------.        .------------.        .------------.
//       | dn: A.B    |        | dn: Z      |        | dn: A.B    |
//       | time: 1    |        | time: 2    |        | time: 3    |
//       |------------|        |------------|        |------------|
//       | nextGlobal :------->| nextGlobal :------->| nextGlobal :--> nil
// nil <-: prevGlobal |<-------: prevGlobal |<-------| prevGlobal |
//       |------------|        |------------|  n     |------------|
//       | nextLocal  :---. n  | nextLocal  :->i .-->| nextLocal  :--> nil
// nil <-: prevLocal  |<--: i<-: prevLocal  |  l :---| prevLocal  |
//       '------------'   | l  '------------'    |   '------------'
//            ^           '----------------------'         ^
//            |                      ^                     |
//            |                      |                     |
//         ( head )             ( tails[Z] )            ( tail )
//      ( heads[A.B] )          ( heads[Z] )         ( tails[A.B] )
//
type journal struct {
	// mu locks the rest of the structure. It must be taken during any operation on the journal.
	mu sync.RWMutex

	// tail is the side of the global linked list that contains the newest log entry, ie. the one that has been pushed
	// the most recently. It can be nil when no log entry has yet been pushed. The global linked list contains all log
	// entries pushed to the journal.
	tail *entry
	// head is the side of the global linked list that contains the oldest log entry. It can be nil when no log entry
	// has yet been pushed.
	head *entry

	// tails are the tail sides of a local linked list for a given DN, ie. the sides that contain the newest entry. They
	// are nil if there are no log entries for that DN.
	tails map[DN]*entry
	// heads are the head sides of a local linked list for a given DN, ie. the sides that contain the oldest entry. They
	// are nil if there are no log entries for that DN.
	heads map[DN]*entry

	// quota is a map from DN to quota structure, representing the quota policy of a particular DN-designated logger.
	quota map[DN]*quota

	// subscribers are observer to logs. New log entries get emitted to channels present in the subscriber structure,
	// after filtering them through subscriber-provided filters (eg. to limit events to subtrees that interest that
	// particular subscriber).
	subscribers []*subscriber
}

// newJournal creates a new empty journal. All journals are independent from eachother, and as such, all LogTrees are
// also independent.
func newJournal() *journal {
	return &journal{
		tails: make(map[DN]*entry),
		heads: make(map[DN]*entry),

		quota: make(map[DN]*quota),
	}
}

// filter is a predicate that returns true if a log subscriber or reader is interested in a log entry at a given
// severity and logged to a given DN.
type filter func(origin DN, severity Severity) bool

// filterALl returns a filter that accepts all log entries.
func filterAll() filter {
	return func(origin DN, _ Severity) bool { return true }
}

// filterExact returns a filter that accepts only log entries at a given exact DN. This filter should not be used in
// conjunction with journal.scanEntries - instead, journal.getEntries should be used, as it is much faster.
func filterExact(dn DN) filter {
	return func(origin DN, _ Severity) bool {
		return origin == dn
	}
}

// filterSubtree returns a filter that accepts all log entries at a given DN and sub-DNs. For example, filterSubtree at
// "foo.bar" would allow entries at "foo.bar", "foo.bar.baz", but not "foo" or "foo.barr".
func filterSubtree(root DN) filter {
	if root == "" {
		return filterAll()
	}

	rootParts := strings.Split(string(root), ".")
	return func(origin DN, _ Severity) bool {
		parts := strings.Split(string(origin), ".")
		if len(parts) < len(rootParts) {
			return false
		}

		for i, p := range rootParts {
			if parts[i] != p {
				return false
			}
		}

		return true
	}
}

// filterSeverity returns a filter that accepts log entries at a given severity level or above. See the Severity type
// for more information about severity levels.
func filterSeverity(atLeast Severity) filter {
	return func(origin DN, s Severity) bool {
		return s.AtLeast(atLeast)
	}
}

// scanEntries does a linear scan through the global entry list and returns all entries that match the given filters. If
// retrieving entries for an exact event, getEntries should be used instead, as it will leverage DN-local linked lists
// to retrieve them faster.
// journal.mu must be taken at R or RW level when calling this function.
func (j *journal) scanEntries(filters ...filter) (res []*entry) {
	cur := j.tail
	for {
		if cur == nil {
			return
		}

		passed := true
		for _, filter := range filters {
			if !filter(cur.origin, cur.leveled.severity) {
				passed = false
				break
			}
		}
		if passed {
			res = append(res, cur)
		}
		cur = cur.nextGlobal
	}
}

// getEntries returns all entries at a given DN. This is faster than a scanEntries(filterExact), as it uses the special
// local linked list pointers to traverse the journal. Additional filters can be passed to further limit the entries
// returned, but a scan through this DN's local linked list will be performed regardless.
// journal.mu must be taken at R or RW level when calling this function.
func (j *journal) getEntries(exact DN, filters ...filter) (res []*entry) {
	cur := j.tails[exact]
	for {
		if cur == nil {
			return
		}

		passed := true
		for _, filter := range filters {
			if !filter(cur.origin, cur.leveled.severity) {
				passed = false
				break
			}
		}
		if passed {
			res = append(res, cur)
		}
		cur = cur.nextLocal
	}

}